Dr. Duke's
Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Chemicals and their Biological Activities in:
Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) -- Guava
Chemicals
- 2ALPHA-HYDROXYURSOLIC-ACID
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- ACETONE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
Allergenic M&R722
; CNS-Depressant M29
; Narcotic M29
- ALANINE
Fruit 410 - 2,952 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antioxidant PC27:969
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Oxidant PC27:969
- ALPHA-HUMULENE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
Antitumor JNP55:999
; Perfumery JBH
- ALPHA-LINOLENIC-ACID
Fruit 710 - 5,112 ppm DUKE1992A
-
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor PMID10830511
; Antiaggregant FIH
; Antiinflammatory IC50=42 uM POP:153
; Antileukotriene-D4 POP:153
; Antimenorrhagic PAM
; Antimetastatic FIH
; Antiprostatitic PAM
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Hypotensive FIH
; Immunostimulant 0.12 ml/man/day FIH
; Lymphocytogenic 0.5 ug/ml FIH
; Propecic PMID10830511
; Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 39.5 g/day/hmn ARS:451
- ALPHA-SELINENE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
Perfumery ARC
- AMRITOSIDE
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- ARABAN
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- ARABINOSE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- ARABINOSE-HEXAHYDROXYDIPHENYL-ACID-ESTER
Fruit 1,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- ARGININE
Fruit 210 - 1,512 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antidiabetic? WIC
; Antiencephalopathic M29
; Antihepatitic M29
; Antiimpotence JMF1(3)
; Antiinfertility 4 g/day WER
; Antioxidant? PC27:976
; Aphrodisiac 3 g/day; Diuretic BJP3:10
; Hypoammonemic JBH
; NO-Genic JMF1(3)
; Pituitary-Stimulant PJB1(2):260
; Spermigenic 4 g/day WER
- ARJUNOLIC-ACID
Root:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- AROMADENDRENE
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
Antiseptic JBH
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
- ASCORBIC-ACID
Fruit 200 - 14,300 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Acidulant FEMA 6,000 ARC
; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor SYN-X
; Analgesic 5-10 g day; Antiaggregant SYN-X
; Antiaging 2,000 mg/day SYN-X
400 mg/day; Antiarthritic 1 g day WER
; Antiasthmatic 1,000 mg/day WER
; Antiatherosclerotic PAM
; Antibacterial DAS
; Anticataract 350 mg/day WER
400 mg/day SYN-X
; Anticold 1-2 g/man/day MAR
; AntiCrohn's 50-100 mg/day/orl/man M29
; Antidecubitic 500 mg/man/2x/day MAR
; Antidepressant 2,000 mg/day WER
; Antidiabetic SYN-X
; Antidote (Aluminum) EMP6:189
; Antidote (Cadmium) DAS
; Antidote (Lead) DAS
; Antidote (Paraquat) MAR
; Antieczemic 3.5-5 g/day WER
; Antiedemic 1 g/man/day DAS
; Antiencephalitic DAS
; Antigingivitic PAM
; Antiglaucomic 2 g/day WER
; Antihemorrhagic 1 g/man/day DAS
; Antihepatitic 2-6 g/man/day DAS
; Antihepatotoxic EMP6:189
; Antiherpetic 1-5 g/day WER
; Antihistaminic 2 g/day orl man; Antiinfertility 1 g/day WER
; Antiinflammatory PAM
; Antilepric 1.5 g/man/day MAR
; Antimeasles DAS
; Antimigraine M29
; Antimutagenic EMP6:235
; Antinitrosic 1 g/man/day MAR
; Antiobesity 1 g 3 x day WER
; Antiorchitic DAS
; Antiosteoarthritic 1 g 2 x day WER
; Antiosteoporotic 500 mg day; Antioxidant 100 ppm DUKE1992B
; Antiparkinsonian 1 g 2 x day WER
; Antiparotitic DAS
; Antiperiodontitic WER
; Antipneumonic PAM
; Antipodriac DAS
; Antipoliomyelitic DAS
; Antipyretic EMP6:189
; Antiradicular SYN-X
; Antiscorbutic 10 mg/man/day MAR
; Antiseptic 4-8 g/day SYN-X
MIC=3.3-217 mg/ml MAR
; Antishingles DAS
; Antisyndrome-X 1-4 g/day SYN-X
; Antitumor (Lung) NR54:S71
; Antiulcer WER
; Antiviral 1-5 g/day; Apoptotic 1-10 mM BO2
; Asthma-preventive 1,000 mg/day/orl PAM
; Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor 1.5 g/day/man BO2
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Cold-preventive 1-2 g/day DAS
; Collagenic BO2
; Detoxicant DUKE1992B
; Diuretic 700 mg/man/orl DUKE1992B
; Fistula-Preventive PAM
; Hypocholesterolemic 300-1,000 mg/day DAS
; Hypoglycemic SYN-X
; Hypotensive 1,000 mg/man/day SNE137:292
; Immunostimulant SYN-X
; Interferonogenic PAM
; Lithogenic DAS
; Mucolytic 1 g/woman/day MAR
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Uricosuric 4 g/man/day DAS
; Urinary-Acidulant M29
; Vulnerary PAM
- ASCORBIGEN
Fruit 253 - 2,145 ppm DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- ASH
Fruit 6,000 - 43,200 ppm DUKE1992A
Seed 30,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- ASPARTIC-ACID
Fruit 520 - 3,744 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antimorphinic MAR
; Neuroexcitant MAR
; Roborant M11
- AVICULARIN
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC32=1 uM PC23:1885
IC84=10 uM PC23:1885
; Antibiotic DUKE1992B
; Diuretic DUKE1992B
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
- BENZALDEHYDE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
Allergenic M&R594
; Anesthetic DUKE1992B
; Antibacterial LAF337
; Anticancer ARO95:16
; Antipeptic DUKE1992B
; Antiseptic DUKE1992B
; Antispasmodic DUKE1992B
; Antitumor ARO95:16
; Candidicide LAF337
; FLavor FEMA 150-800 ARC
; Immunostimulant ARO95:16
; Insecticide LAF
; Insectifuge 50 ppm JSPR22:141
; Motor-Depressant BVC:162
; Narcotic M11
; Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml SZ44:183
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Sedative BVC:162
; Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=0.82 mM JAF47:4574
ID50=820 uM JAF46:1268
ID50=87 ug/ml JAF46:1268
- BENZENE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
Insecticide PJB1(2):262
; Larvicide PJB1(2):262
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
- BETA-BISABOLENE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
Abortifacient JE32:174
; Antirhinoviral IC50=1,800? JNP57:658
; Antiulcer IC57=100 mg/kg YAK112:645
; Antiviral IC50=1,800? JNP57:658
; Perfumery ARC
- BETA-CAROTENE
Fruit 3 - 46 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Allergenic M&R610
; Androgenic? PAM
; Antiacne PAM
; Antiaging DUKE1992B
; Antiasthmatic PAM
; Anticancer JNU
; Anticarcinomic PAM
; Anticoronary 50 mg/man/2 days CMR3/4/91:16
; Antihyperkeratotic; Antiichythyotic PAM
; Antileukoplakic PAM
; Antilupus 150 mg/man/day/2 mos MAR
; Antimastitic PAM
; Antimutagenic EMP6:235
; Antioxidant PAM
; Antiozenic DUKE1992B
; Antiphotophobic 30-300 mg man/day M29
; Antipityriasic PAM
; AntiPMS JAFC34:409
; Antiporphyric 30-300 mg/man/day MAR
; Antiproliferant JNU
; Antipsoriac PAM
; Antiradicular PAM
; Antistress DAS
; Antitumor HSC25:1495
; Antiulcer 12 mg/3x/day/man/orl PAM
; Antixerophthalmic DAS
; Cancer-Preventive 22 ppm 505
; Colorant JBH
; Immunostimulant 180 mg/man/day/orl PAM
; Interferon-Synergist PJB1(2):264
; Mucogenic PAM
; Phagocytotic PAM
; Prooxidant 20 ug/g JAF44:2096
; Thymoprotective PAM
; Ubiquiot JBH
- BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- BETA-COPAENE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- BETA-FARNESENE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- BETA-HUMULENE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- BETA-IONONE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
Allergenic CD33:333
; Antibacterial MIC=200 ug/ml JAF41:1103
; Anticariogenic MIC=100 ug/ml JAF41:1103
; Antimelanomic IC50=140 uM/l JN127:668
; Antitumor JAF43:2144
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Cytochrome-P450-Inducer BBR216:198
; Fungicide; Hypocholesterolemic JAF43:2144
; Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml SZ44:183
; P450-Inducer BBR216:198
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Trichomonicide LD100=100 ug/ml FT67:279
- BETA-PINENE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
Allergenic M&R618
; Antiinflammatory FT63(1):3
; Antiseptic LAF
; Candidicide LAF337
; FLavor FEMA 15-600 ARC
; Herbicide TOX
; Insectifuge 382
; Irritant ZEB
; Perfumery ARC
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Spasmogenic CAN
- BETA-SELINENE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
Perfumery ARC
- BETA-SITOSTEROL
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
Androgenic DUKE1992B
; Anorexic MAR
; Antiadenomic M11
; Antiandrogenic JE28:221
; Antibacterial QJC28:155
; Anticancer (Breast) PS131:95
; Antiedemic IC54=320 mg/kg orl DFN:160
; Antiestrogenic JE28:221
; Antifeedant 382
; Antifertility JE28:221
; Antigonadotrophic JE28:221
; Antihyperlipoproteinaemic JBH
; Antiinflammatory; Antileukemic PJB1(2):287
; Antilymphomic PJB1(2):287
; Antimutagenic 250 ug/mL JAFC37:1365
; Antiophidic 2.3 mg mus EMP5:363
; Antiprogestational JE28:221
; Antiprostaglandin 30 mg/day/12 wks FT68(4):291
; Antiprostatadenomic M11
; Antiprostatitic 10-20 mg/3 x/day/orl man; Antitumor (Breast) PS131:95
; Antitumor (Cervix) PJB1(2):287
; Antitumor (Lung) PJB1(2):287
; Antiviral PS75:161
; Artemicide LC50=110 ppm PC29(5):1667
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Candidicide QJC28:155
; Estrogenic DUKE1992B
; Gonadotrophic JE28:221
; Hepatoprotective PMP23:60
; Hypocholesterolemic 2-6 g/man/day/orl M30
9-3,330 mg/man/day/orl MAR
; Hypoglycemic JE27:243
; Hypolipidemic 2-6 g/day; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Spermicide JE28:221
; Ubiquiot JBH
; Ulcerogenic 500 mg/kg ipr rat FT63(1):3
- BUTANAL
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- CALCIUM
Fruit 180 - 1,582 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiallergic 500 mg/day; Antianxiety DAS
; Antiatherosclerotic WER
; Antidepressant DAS
; Antidote (Aluminum) DAS
; Antidote (Lead) DAS
; Antihyperkinetic DAS
; Antiinsomniac DAS
; Antiosteoporotic 500 mg day WER
; Antiperiodontitic 750 mg day WER
; AntiPMS 1 g day WER
; Antitic DAS
; Hypocholesterolemic 500 mg day WER
; Hypotensive 1 g/day WER
- CALCIUM-OXALATE
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
Emetic PJB1(1):169
; Inflammatory PJB1(1):169
; Laxative PJB1(1):169
; Lithogenic PJB1(1):169
- CARBOHYDRATES
Fruit 118,800 - 855,360 ppm DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
Antiedemic CPB38:2283
; Antifeedant ISA14:93
; Antiinflammatory CPB38:2283
; Antitumor JNP55:999
; Calcium-Antagonist ED50=32 uM gpg J14432
; Fungicide ABS
; Insecticide ISA14:93
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
- CATECHOL-TANNINS
Leaf 40,000 - 75,000 ppm DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- CHLORINE
Fruit 40 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Antibacterial M29
; Antiherpetic M29
; Antiseptic M29
; Antiviral M29
; Candidicide M29
; Fungicide M29
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
- CINNAMYL-ACETATE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
FLavor FEMA 1-18 ARC
; Nematicide MLC=1,000 uM SZ44:183
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
- CITRAL
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
Allergenic; Antiallergic KCH
; Antianaphylactic PJB1(2):266
; Antibacterial JE26:74
; Antihistaminic KCH
; Antiseptic 5.2 x phenol W&W
; Antishock KCH
; Barbituate-Synergist PJB1(2):266
; Bronchorelaxant KCH
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Expectorant KCH
; FLavor FEMA 4-170 ARC
; Fungicide MIC 625 ug/ml; Glaucomagenic JAR10:7
; Herbicide IC50=115 uM TOX
; Nematicide IC52=100 ug/ml NIG
MLC=100-260 ug/ml SZ44:183
; Perfumery M11
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Prostatitigenic 185 mg/kg/day/3 ms JAR10:7
; Sedative ED 1-32 mg/kg W&W
; Teratogenic JNP39:446
; Trichomonicide LD100=150 ug/ml FT67:279
; Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=1.5 mM JAF47:4574
- CITRIC-ACID
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
Allergenic M&R610
; Antiaphthic 20,000 ppm MAR
; Anticalculic JE26:81
; Anticoagulant M11
; Antimutagenic EMP6:235
; Antioxidant Synergist M11
; Antiseborrheic LRN-JUN89
; Antitumor DUKE1992B
; Disinfectant M29
; FLavor FEMA 370-4,400 ARC
; Hemostat JE26:81
; Irritant ZEB
; Laxative? LRN-SEP91
; Litholytic M29
; Odontolytic ZEB
; Refrigerant MAR
- COPPER
Fruit 1 - 9 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiarthritic DAS
; Antidiabetic 2-4 mg/day WER
; Antiinflammatory WER
; Antinociceptive WER
; Contraceptive MAR
; Hypocholesterolemic DAS
; Schizophrenigenic DAS
- CRATAEGOLIC-ACID
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- D-GALACTOSE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- D-GALACTURONIC-ACID
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- DELTA-CADINENE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor PJB1(3):238
; Antiacne PJB1(3):238
; Antibacterial MIC800 ug/ml JAF41:1103
; Anticariogenic JAF41:1103
; Antistreptococcic PJB1(3):238
; Cytochrome-P450-Inducer MED'95
; P450-Inducer MED'95
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Testosterone-Inducer MED'95
- ELLAGIC-ACID
Bark 8,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
Abortifacient 1.2 mg/kg ivn mus AFR27:172
; ACE-Inhibitor IC50=5 mM/l; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=0.2 uM IC50=0.2 ug/ml (strong activity) CPB41:1469
; Antianaphylactic AFR27:172
; Antibacterial 1,250 ug/ml JNP59:987
ID50=20 ug/ml JAF48:5666
; Anticariogenic JAF48:5666
; Anticataract CPB37:2531
; Antigingivitic 1,250 ug/ml JNP59:987
; AntiHIV IC90=200 ug/ml JNP54:152
; Antiinflammatory AFR27:172
; Antimutagenic PCF:245
; Antioxidant >50 x tocopherol PCF:142
IC98=30 ppm PCF:218
; Antiperiodontic 1,250 ug/ml JNP59:987
; Antiperoxidant IC50=29 uM PM57:A54
; Antiplaque 1,250 ug/ml JNP59:987
; Antiseptic JNP59:987
; Antistreptococcic ID50=20 ug/ml JAF48:5666
; Antithyroid JNM1:10
; Antitumor DUKE1992B
; Antiviral EMP5:224
; Astringent M29
; Cancer-Preventive 3 ppm; Cytotoxic 4.6 ug/ml ACM:359
; Deiodinase-Inhibitor JNM1:10
; Detoxicant PAL:334
; Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor ID50=20 ug/ml JAF48:5666
; Hemostatic M11
; Hepatoprotective IC55=30 ug/ml CPB38:2201
; HIV-RT-Inhibitor EMP5:224
; Juvabional 382
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 0.4 g/kg rat CAR17:821
; Sunscreen 0.5% AllHerb1998
; Topoisomerase-I-Antagonist JMF2:167
; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=3.1 uM CPB38:1225
- EO
Leaf 2,600 - 3,600 ppm DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- FAT
Fruit 6,000 - 43,200 ppm DUKE1992A
Leaf 60,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
Seed 100,000 - 143,000 ppm DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- FIBER
Fruit 56,000 - 403,200 ppm DUKE1992A
Seed 424,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Antidiabetic DUKE1992B
; Antiobesity DUKE1992B
; Antitumor PAM
; Antiulcer PAM
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Cardioprotective DUKE1992B
; Hypocholesterolemic DUKE1992B
; Hypotensive 10 g/man/day/orl PAM
; Laxative DUKE1992B
- FRUCTOSE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
Antialcoholic JBH
; Antidiabetic JBH
; Antihangover DUKE1992B
; Antiketotic M11
; Antinauseant JBH
; Laxative AJC62:1212
; Neoplastic CRC
; Sweetener 2 x glucose JBH
- GALLIC-ACID
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
ACE-Inhibitor IC50=7.7 mM/l; Analgesic FT63(3):195
; Antiadenovirus EMP5:194
; Antiallergenic IAA94:262
; Antianaphylactic JBH
; Antiasthmatic W&B
; Antibacterial MIC=1,000 ug/ml FT65(2):185
; Antibronchitic IAA94:262
; Anticancer JAF47:397
; Anticarcinomic ED50=3 DUKE1992B
; Antifibrinolytic EMP1:53
; Antiflu EMP5:194
; Antihepatotoxic PCF:93
; Antiherpetic EC50=>10 ug/ml PCF:180
; AntiHIV PCF:180
; Antiinflammatory PM58(6):499
; Antileishmanic EC50=4.4 ug/ml PR15:122
; Antimutagenic EMP6:235
; Antinitrosaminic AFR27:217
; Antioxidant 7 x quercetin JAF47:397
IC44=33 ppm PCF:218
; Antiperoxidant IC50=69 uM; Antipolio EMP5:194
; Antiradicular 7 x quercetin JAF47:397
; Antiseptic 411
; Antistaphylococcic MIC=1,000 ug/ml FT65(2):185
; Antitumor; Antitumor-Promoter JAF47:397
; Antiviral; Apoptotic BO2
; Astringent 411
; Bacteristat PR4(5):198
; Bronchodilator JBH
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Carcinogenic DUKE1992B
; Choleretic JBH
; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor RWG141
; Floral-Inhibitor JBH
; Gram(+)icide JE42:95
; Gram(-)icide JE42:95
; Hemostat JE26:83
; Immunomodulator PR15:122
; Immunostimulant TEA
; Immunosuppressant; Insulin-Sparing JBH
; Myorelaxant JBH
; Nephrotoxic M29(P.779)
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Styptic DUKE1992B
; Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor BPB20:1017
; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=24 uM CPB38:1225
- GALLOYL-TANNIN
Root:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- GLUCOSE
Seed 1,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Acetylcholinergic DUKE1992B
; Antiedemic JBH
; Antihepatotoxic M11
; Antiketotic M11
; Antivaricose JBH
; Hyperglycemic M11
; Memory-Enhancer SN138:189.1990
- GLUTAMIC-ACID
Fruit 1,070 - 7,704 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antialkali? 500-1,000 mg/day/orl/man M29
; Antiepileptic DUKE1992B
; Antihyperammonemic M29
; Antilithic PAM
; Antiprostatitic 125-250 mg 3 x day WER
; Antiretardation JBH
; Anxiolytic M11
; Neurotoxic JBH
- GLYCINE
Fruit 410 - 2,952 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiacid M29
; Antialdosteronic PAM
; Antidote (Hypoglycin-A) M29
; Antiencephalopathic M29
; Antigastritic M29
; Antiprostatitic 125-250 mg 3 x day WER
; Antipruritic M11
; Antisickling PM56(1):41
; Antiulcer M29
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Neuroinhibitor WER
; Uricosuric DUKE1992B
- GUAFINE
Bark 20,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- GUAJIVERINE
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- GUAJIVOLIC-ACID
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- HISTIDINE
Fruit 70 - 504 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiarteriosclerotic JE26:80
; Antinephritic JBH
; Antioxidant PC27:976
; Antiulcer JE26:80
; Antiuremic JBH
; Essential JBH
; Oxidant PC27:976
- IRON
Fruit 3 - 24 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiakathisic M29
; Antianemic M29
; Anticheilitic DAS
; Antimenorrhagic 100 mg/day/wmn/orl PAM
- ISOLEUCINE
Fruit 300 - 2,160 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiencephalopathic? M29
; Antipellagric MAR
; Essential JBH
- KILOCALORIES
Fruit 510 - 3,670 /kg DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- L-MALIC-ACID
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- LACTIC-ACID
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
Acidulant JBH
; Antileukorrheic M29
; Antioxidant Synergist JBH
; Antivaginitic M29
; Antixerotic M29
; FLavor FEMA 10-25,000 ARC
; Irritant ZEB
; Keratolytic MAR
- LEUCINE
Fruit 550 - 3,960 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiencephalopathic M29
; Essential JBH
- LEUCOANTHOCYANIN
Bark:
DUKE1992A
-
Antioxidant PMP23:55
- LEUCOCYANIDINS
Fruit 1,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
Leaf 4,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- LIMONENE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
AChE-Inhibitor 453
; Allelochemic JAF45:3276
; Allergenic (1/20th carene) M&R521
; Antiacetylcholinesterase IC22-26=1.2 mM JAF45:677
; Antialzheimeran? 453
; Antibacterial RIE12:5
; Anticancer AEM401:131
; Antifeedant JAF45:3276
; Antiflu EMP5:195
; Antilithic M29:1064
; Antimutagenic EMP6:235
; Antiseptic JAF44:2802
; Antispasmodic ED50=0.197 mg/ml FT59:465
; Antitumor; Antitumor (Breast) AEM401:131
; Antitumor (Pancreas) AEM401:131
; Antitumor (Prostate) AEM401:131
; Antiviral; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Candidistat JAF40:2330
; Chemopreventive AEM401:131
; Enterocontractant JAR4:22
; Expectorant; FLavor PJB1(3):242
; Fungiphilic JAF43:2283
; Fungistat JAF40:2330
; Herbicide IC50=45 uM TOX
; Insecticide 453
; Insectifuge 382
; Irritant; Nematicide IC=100 ug/ml NIG
; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor 750 mg/kg (diet) BO2
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Photosensitizer RIN
; Sedative ED=1-32 mg/kg W&W
- LINOLEIC-ACID
Fruit 1,820 - 13,104 ppm DUKE1992A
Seed 13,900 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor PMID10830511
; Antianaphylactic EMP6:189
; Antiarteriosclerotic JE26:80
; Antiarthritic EMP6:189
; Anticoronary JBH
; Antieczemic EMP6:189
; Antifibrinolytic EMP1:53
; Antigranular DUKE1992B
; Antihistaminic EMP6:189
; Antiinflammatory IC50=31 uM; Antileukotriene-D4 POP:153
; Antimenorrhagic PAM
; AntiMS EMP6:189
; Antiprostatitic PAM
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Carcinogenic SN146:421
; Hepatoprotective DUKE1992B
; Hypocholesterolemic GAS
; Immunomodulator EMP6:189
; Insectifuge 382
; Metastatic SN146:421
; Nematicide NIG
- LINOLENIC-ACID
Seed 200 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- LUTEIC-ACID
Bark:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- LYSINE
Fruit 230 - 1,656 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antialkalotic M29
; Antiherpetic 0.5-3 g/day; Essential JBH
; Hypoarginanemic 250 mg/kg M29
- MAGNESIUM
Fruit 98 - 735 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiaggregant 400 mg/day; Antianginal WER
; Antianorectic DAS
; Antianxiety WER
; Antiarrhythmic; Antiarthritic DAS
; Antiasthmatic PAM
; Antiatherosclerotic; Anticonvulsant FAC
; Anticoronary SYN-X
; Antidepressant DAS
; Antidiabetic 400-800 mg/man/day; Antidysmenorrheic 100 mg 4 x day WER
; Antiepileptic 450 mg/day; Antiglaucomic ABEL1999
; Antihyperkinetic DAS
; Antihypoglycemic DAS
; Antiinflammatory 100 mg 4 x day WER
; Antiinsomniac DAS
; Antilithic PAM
; Antimastalgic PAM
; Antimigraine 200 mg/day WER
; Antineurotic DAS
; Antiosteoporotic 500-1,000 mg/day/wmn/orl; AntiPMS 400-800 mg/day/wmn/orl; Antiretinopathic 400 mg/day SYN-X
; Antispasmophilic 500 mg/day WER
; Antistroke 400 mg/day SYN-X
; Antisyndrome-X 400 mg/man/day SYN-X
; Calcium-Antagonist RWG125
; CNS-Depressant FAC
; Hypocholesterolemic 400 mg/day WER
; Hypotensive 260-500 mg/day; Insulinogenic 400 mg/day SYN-X
; Myorelaxant 100 mg 4 x day WER
; Uterorelaxant WER
; Vasodilator WER
- MANGANESE
Fruit 1 - 12 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antialcoholic FHN
; Antianemic MAR
; Antidiabetic 10-30 mg/man/day 3-5 mg/day WER
; Antidiscotic DAS
; Antidyskinetic MAR
; Antiepileptic 450 mg/day WER
; Antiototic DAS
; Antisyndrome-X 10-30 mg/man/day SYN-X
; Hypoglycemic
- MECOCYANIN
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- METHIONINE
Plant 50 - 360 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Anticataract PAM
; Antidote (Acetaminophen) 10 g/16hr/man/orl M29
; Antidote (Paracetamol) M29
; Antieczemic JE26:80
; Antihepatotic JBH
; Antioxidant PC27:976
; Antiparkinsonian 1-5 g day WER
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Emetic M29
; Essential JBH
; Glutathionigenic M29
; Hepatoprotective ACN:207
; Lipotropic M11
; Urine-Acidifier 200 mg/3x day/man/orl MAR
; Urine-Deodorant M29
- METHYL-CINNAMATE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
FLavor FEMA 2-40 ARC
; Insecticide LAF
; Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml SZ44:183
; Perfumery ARC
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
- METHYL-ISOPROPYLKETONE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- MUFA
Fruit 550 - 3,955 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Allergenic M&R495
; Anemiagenic DUKE1992B
; Antiinflammatory IC50=21 uM POP:153
; Antileukotriene-D4 POP:153
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Choleretic 5 ml/man DUKE1992B
; Dermatitigenic M&R495
; FLavor FEMA 1-30 ARC
; Hypocholesterolemic GAS
; Insectifuge 382
; Irritant M11
; Percutaneostimulant CPB38:3086
; Perfumery ARC
- MYRICETIN
Bark:
DUKE1992A
-
Allelochemic IC82=1 mM 438
; Antiallergenic RWG122
; Antibacterial MIC=20-500 ug/ml; Antifeedant IC52=<1,000 ppm diet 438
; Antigastric DUKE1992B
; Antigingivitic MIC=20 ug/ml JNP59:987
; Antigonadotrophic JBH
; Antihistaminic RWG122
; AntiHIV POP:270
; Antiinflammatory OMM
; Antimutagenic ID50=2-5 nM PCF
; Antioxidant 1.4 uM P&T78:143
IC99=200 ppm PCF
; Antiperiodontic MIC=20 ug/ml JNP59:987
; Antiplaque JNP59:987
; Antiseptic JNP59:987
; Antiviral POP:270
; Apoptotic 60 uM PMID10673981
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Candidicide MIC=150 ug/ml PM57:A43
; COMP-Inhibitor JCN70:1040
; Diuretic OMM
; Hypoglycemic EMP6:170
; Larvistat IC50=2.6-3.5 mM/kg diet 438
; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor JBH
; Mutagenic NIG
; Oxidase-Inhibitor JBH
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 36 uM CLE120:213
; Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor IC50=11.9 ug/ml; Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor; Tyrosine-Kinase-Inhibitor EMP6:170
; Vasodilator JAFC48:220
- MYRISTIC-ACID
Fruit 120 - 864 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Cancer-Preventive 525
; Cosmetic JBH
; Hypercholesterolemic GAS
; Lubricant JBH
; Nematicide NIG
- NEROLIDIOL
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
Perfumery JBH
- NIACIN
Fruit 12 - 86 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Allergenic WER
; Antiacrodynic DUKE1992B
; Antiallergic 50 mg/2x/day WER
; Antiamblyopic DUKE1992B
; Antianginal DUKE1992B
; Antichilblain JBH
; Anticonvulsant 3 g/day WER
; Antidermatitic DAS
; Antidysphagic DUKE1992B
; Antiepileptic WER
; Antihistaminic 50 mg/2x/day WER
; Antihyperactivity 1.5-6 g/day WER
; Antiinsomnic 1 g/day WER
; AntiMeniere's JAD
; Antineuralgic DUKE1992B
; Antiparkinsonian 100 mg/day WER
; Antipellagric DAS
; Antiscotomic DUKE1992B
; Antispasmodic 100 mg/2x/day WER
; Antivertigo DUKE1992B
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Hepatoprotective DUKE1992B
; Hypoglycemic DUKE1992B
; Hypolipidemic RWG17
; Sedative PAM
; Serotoninergic PAM
; Vasodilator M29
- OLEANOLIC-ACID
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
Abortifacient DUKE1992B
; Antiallergic LAF351
; Antiatherosclerotic LAF351
; Antibacterial MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml JNP59:987
; Anticariogenic LAF
; Anticomplement IC40-50 0.01 mM/l gpg HH2
IC80-90 0.05 mM/l gpg HH2
; Antiedemic IC36=40 mg/kg ipr rat DFN:159
; Antifertility PMP24:113
; Antigingivitic MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml JNP59:987
; Antihepatotoxic PM56(2):173
; AntiHIV EC50=1.7 ug/ml JNP61:1090
IC50=21.8 ug/ml; Antihyperlipidemic JE49:57
; Antiinflammatory 40 mg/kg ipr JNP54:455
; Antimalarial IC50=70-89 ug/ml PR13:115
; Antioxidant BCI28:735
; Antiperiodontic MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml JNP59:987
; Antiplaque JNP59:987
; Antiplasmodial IC50=70-89 ug/ml PR13:115
; Antisarcomic DUKE1992B
; Antiseptic MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml JNP59:987
; Antitumor LAF351
; Antiulcer >carbenoxolone PJB1(1):181
; Antiviral EC50=1.7 ug/ml JNP61:1090
IC50=21.8 ug/ml JNP61:1090
; Aromatase-Inhibitor FIT68:387
; Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor ~100 mg/kg BO2
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Cardiotonic LAF
; COX-2-Inhibitor IC50=295 uM/; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor DUKE1992B
; Diuretic LAF
; Elastase-Inhibitor IC50=~15 uM BO2
; Hepatoprotective ACM:211
; Hypolipemic LAF351
; Immunomodulator LAF351
; Phagocytotic LAF351
; Piscicide WOI
; Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor igs mus; Sedative LAF351
; Uterotonic
- OLEIC-ACID
Fruit 520 - 3,744 ppm DUKE1992A
Seed 27,900 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor PMID10830511
; Allergenic M&R495
; Anemiagenic DUKE1992B
; Antiinflammatory IC50=21 uM POP:153
; Antileukotriene-D4 POP:153
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Choleretic 5 ml/man DUKE1992B
; Dermatitigenic M&R495
; FLavor FEMA 1-30 ARC
; Hypocholesterolemic GAS
; Insectifuge 382
; Irritant M11
; Percutaneostimulant CPB38:3086
; Perfumery ARC
- OXALIC-ACID
Fruit 140 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Antiseptic DUKE1992B
; CNS-Paralytic JBH
; Fatal M29
; Hemostatic M11
; Irritant M&R499
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Renotoxic M11
- PALMITIC-ACID
Fruit 1,440 - 10,368 ppm DUKE1992A
-
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor PMID10830511
; Antifibrinolytic EMP1:53
; FLavor FEMA 1 ARC
; Hemolytic BIS
; Hypercholesterolemic GAS
; Lubricant JBH
; Nematicide NIG
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Soap JBH
- PALMITOLEIC-ACID
Fruit 30 - 216 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Soap JBH
- PANTOTHENIC-ACID
Fruit 2 - 11 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiallergic 100-500 mg/day WER
; Antiarthritic 500-2,000 mg/day; Anticephalagic JBH
; Anticlaudificant? M29
; Antidermatitic JAD
; Antifatigue JBH
; Antihypercholesterolemic 300 mg/meal WER
; Antiielus? M29
; Antiinsomniac? M29
; Antirheumatitic? M29
; Cancer-Preventive 525
- PECTIN
Fruit 3,000 - 16,000 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiatheromic 15 g/man/day HSC25:1485
; Antibacterial DUKE1992B
; Antidiabetic 10 g/man/day/orl; Antidiarrheic M11
; Antimutagenic PM65:395
; Antiobesity JNU
; Antitumor (Colon) PM65:395
; Antitussive DUKE1992B
; Antiulcer DUKE1992B
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Chemopreventive PM65:395
; Demulcent DUKE1992B
; Fungicide LAF
; Hemostat DUKE1992B
; Hypocholesterolemic HSC25:1485
; Hypoglycemic JNU
; Peristaltic DUKE1992B
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
- PHENYLALANINE
Fruit 20 - 144 ppm DUKE1992A
-
AntiADD 587 mg/day/orl M29
; Antidepressant 50-4,000 mg/day/man; Antiparkinsonian 200-500 mg/day/man MAR
; Antisickling 690 ug/ml; Antivitiligic 100 mg/kg/day/orl/man M29
; Monoamine-Precursor PAM
; Tremorigenic 1,600-12,600 mg/man/day MAR
- PHOSPHORUS
Fruit 235 - 1,905 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiosteoporotic DAS
; Immunostimulant DAS
; Osteogenic DAS
- PHYTIN-PHOSPHORUS
Fruit 127 - 1,029 ppm DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- POTASSIUM
Fruit 2,672 - 21,658 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiarrhythmic DAS
; Antidepressant DAS
; Antifatigue DAS
; Antihypertensive DAS
; Antispasmodic DAS
; Cardiotoxic 18,000 mg/man/day DUKE1992B
- PROLINE
Fruit 250 - 1,800 ppm DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- PROTEIN
Fruit 8,200 - 59,000 ppm DUKE1992A
Seed 152,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- PSIDIOLIC-ACID
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- PUFA
Fruit 2,530 - 18,200 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiacne MAR
; Antieczemic MAR
; AntiMS MAR
; Antipolyneuritic MAR
- PYROGALLOL-TANNINS
Bark 135,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
Leaf 40,000 - 78,000 ppm DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- QUERCETIN
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
11B-HSD-Inhibitor CPT59:62
; 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM)=4; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uM 4 ug/ml SKN43:99
IC50=0.344 uM ZZZ18:623
IC50=0.84 ug/ml cow CPB43:1385
; Allelochemic IC82=1 mM 438
; Allergenic JBH
; Analgesic FT63(3):197
; Antiaggregant 30 uM JAF45:4505
IC50=55 uM EMP5:333
; Antiallergic IC50=14 uM JIM127:546
; Antianaphylactic PR4(5):201
; Antiasthmatic; Antiatherosclerotic PMID11020457
; Antibacterial JBH
; Anticarcinomic (Breast) IC50=1.5 uM MED
; Anticariogenic ID50=120 ug/ml JAF48:5666
; Anticataract PM56(3):258
; Anticolitic 400 mg/man/3x/day PAM
; AntiCrohn's PAM
; Antidermatitic PAM
; Antidiabetic; Antielastase IC50=0.8 ug/ml DUKE1992B
; Antiencephalitic EMP5:199
; Antiescherichic PMID10857921
; Antiestrogenic; Antifeedant IC52=<1,000 ppm diet 438
; Antifibrosarcomic JAF45:4505
; Antiflu V&D
; Antigastric RR21:85
; Antigonadotropic JBH
; AntiGTF ID50=120 ug/ml JAF48:5666
; Antihepatotoxic PM56(2):171
; Antiherpetic PAM
; Antihistaminic IC50=<10 uM; AntiHIV JNP60(9):884
; Antihydrophobic V&D
; Antihypertensive KCH
; Antiinflammatory (20 mg/kg) 150 mg/kg FT5:1990
; Antileukemic 5.5-60 uM BO2
IC50=10 uM EMP5:225
IC50=>10 ug/ml LS55:1061
; Antileukotriene PAM
; Antilipoperoxidant IC67=50; Antimalarial IC50=1-6.4 ug/ml MPT
; Antimelanomic; Antimutagenic ID50=2-5 nM PCF
; Antimyocarditic EMP5:199
; Antinitrosaminic PAL:339
; Antioxidant 4.7 x Vit. E BO2
ED50=2.3 uM PR14:93
IC96=300 ppm PCF
; Antipancreatitic JNU
; Antiperiodontal PAM
; Antipermeability DUKE1992B
; Antiperoxidant PM57:A110
; Antipharyngitic PAM
; Antiplaque PAM
; AntiPMS 500 mg/2x/day/wmn PAM
; Antipodriac PAM
; Antipolio PAM
; Antiproliferant JNM7:51
; Antiprostanoid PCF:51
; Antiprostatitic JNU
; Antipsoriac PAM
; Antiradicular IC50=4.6 uM PM56(6):695
; Antispasmodic; Antistreptococcic ID50=120 ug/ml JAF48:5666
; Antithiamin PCF:69
; Antithrombic PAL:339
; Antitumor 10 uM; Antitumor (Bladder) JNM7:51
; Antitumor (Breast) JNM7:51
; Antitumor (Colon) JAF45:4505
; Antitumor (Lung) PMID10918203
; Antitumor (Ovary) JNM7:51
; Antitumor (Skin) 20 uM BO2
; Antitumor-Promoter PAM
; Antiviral IC50=10 uM; Apoptotic 20-60 uM; ATPase-Inhibitor NIG
; Bacteristat 10 mg/ml QRNM(SUMMER):91
; Bradycardiac KCH
; Calmodulin-Antagonist PAM
; cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor PAM
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Candidicide PMID10857921
; Capillariprotective M11
; Carcinogenic 40,000 ppm (diet) mus NIG
; Catabolic AFR27:173
; COMT-Inhibitor QRNM1997:293
; Copper-Chelator PR14:93
; COX-2-Inhibitor <40 uM BO2
; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor PCF:49
; Cytotoxic ED50=70 ug/ml PM56(6):677
IC82=100 ug/ml PM57:A113
; Deiodinase-Inhibitor JNM1:10
; Diaphoretic? LRN-DEC90
; Differentiator 5.5 uM BO2
; Estrogenic 10% genistein B02
; Fungicide PMID10857921
; Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor ID50=120 ug/ml JAF48:5666
; Hemostat KCH
; Hepatomagenic 5,000 ppm (diet) rat PCF
; Hepatoprotective FT67:200
; HIV-RT-Inhibitor IC50=<1 ug/ml JNP53(5):1239
; Hypoglycemic 100 mg/kg orl rat JE27:243
; Inotropic PMID10404425
; Insulinogenic PAM
; Juvabional 438
; Larvistat 8,000 ppm diet 438
; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC11=1.25 mM JAF38:688
IC50=0.1-5 uM DFN:154
; MAO-A-Inhibitor QRNM1997:293
; Mast-Cell-Stabilizer DUKE1992B
; Metal-Chelator (Copper) PR14:93
; MMP-9-Inhibitor 20 uM BO2
; Mutagenic HG22:27
; NADH-Oxidase-Inhibitor BJP3:10
; Neuroprotective 5-25 uM PMID11030720
; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor <10 uM; P450-Inducer 5 uM FNF
; P450-Inhibitor 50-100 uM FNF
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Phospholipase-Inhibitor BJP3:10
; Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 40 ug/ml PR11:281
; Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor PCF:14
; PTK-Inhibitor 0.4-24 uM BO2
; Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 13 uM 6 uM CLE120:213
; Teratologic DUKE1992B
; Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor IC50=12.8 ug/ml IC50=42 uM BO2
; Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=1-6.9 ug/ml IC50=23-40 uM BO2
; Tumorigenic 0.1% diet orl rat/yr 505
; Tyrosine-Kinase-Inhibitor EMP6:170
; Vasodilator; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=>0.4 ug/ml CPB38:1772
- RHAMNOSE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- RIBOFLAVIN
Fruit 1 - 4 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiarabiflavinotic 2-10 mg/orl day MAR
; Anticarpal-Tunnel 50 mg/day WER
; Anticataract 15 mg/day WER
; Anticheilitic DUKE1992B
; Antidecubitic DUKE1992B
; Antiglossitic DAS
; Antikeratitic DUKE1992B
; Antimigraine DUKE1992B
; Antipellagric DUKE1992B
; Antiphotophobic DAS
; Cancer-Preventive 525
- SEL-11-EN-4ALPHA-OL
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- SERINE
Fruit 240 - 1,728 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Cancer-Preventive 525
- SESQUIGUAVENE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- SFA
Fruit 1,720 - 12,375 ppm DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- SODIUM
Fruit 26 - 246 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Hypertensive DAS
- STARCH
Seed 132,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Absorbent M29
; Antidote (Iodine) JBH
; Antinesidioblastosic M29
; Emollient M29
; Poultice M29
- STEARIC-ACID
Fruit 160 - 1,152 ppm DUKE1992A
-
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor PMID10830511
; Cosmetic JBH
; FLavor FEMA 2-4,000 ARC
; Hypocholesterolemic GAS
; Lubricant JBH
; Perfumery ARC
; Propecic PMID10830511
; Suppository JBH
- SUCROSE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
Aggregant PAM
; Antihiccup 1 tsp M29
; Antiophthalmic M29
; Antioxidant M11
; Atherogenic PAM
; Collyrium JBH
; Demulcent JBH
; Flatugenic PFH46:77
; Hypercholesterolemic PAM
; Preservative M11
; Sweetener 1 x sucrose M11
; Triglycerigenic PAM
; Uricogenic PAM
; Vulnerary M29
- SUGAR
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- SULFUR
Fruit 140 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Acarifuge DUKE1992B
; Antiacne M29
; Antiarthritic WER
; Antidandruff M29
; Antigrey M29
; Antiosteoarthritic WER
; Antiseborrheic M29
; Antiseptic M29
; Comedogenic M29
; Keratolytic M29
; Laxative M29
; Parasiticide M29
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Scabicide M29
- TANNIN
Bark 110,000 - 300,000 ppm DUKE1992A
Leaf 90,000 - 100,000 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Anthelminthic JNP59:205
; Antibacterial JE26:74
; Anticancer JAF47:397
; Anticariogenic JNP59:205
; Antidiarrheic DUKE1992B
; Antidysenteric DUKE1992B
; Antihepatotoxic JNP59:205
; AntiHIV JNP59:205
; Antihypertensive JNP59:205
; Antilipolytic JNP59:205
; Antimutagenic DUKE1992B
; Antinephritic CPB38:1049
; Antiophidic EMP5:363
; Antioxidant 1/3 quercetin JAF47:397
IC50=1.44 ug/ml CPB38:1051
; Antiradicular 1/3 quercetin JAF47:397
500 mg/kg/day orl mus CPB38:1049
; Antirenitic CPB38:1049
; Antitumor; Antitumor-Promoter JAF47:397
; Antiulcer JNP59:205
; Antiviral; Cancer-Preventive HG22:14
; Carcinogenic AHP156
; Chelator JNP59:205
; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor JNP59:205
; Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor JNP59:205
; Hepatoprotective DUKE1992B
; Immunosuppressant RWG29
; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor JNP59:205
; MAO-Inhibitor JNP59:205
; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor JNP59:205
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Psychotropic CPB38:1049
; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor JNP59:205
- TANNINS
Seed 14,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- THIAMIN
Fruit 1 - 4 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Analgesic 1-4 g/day WER
; Antialcoholic DUKE1992B
; Antialzheimeran 100-3,000 mg day WER
; Antianorectic JBH
; Antibackache 1-4 g day WER
; Antiberiberi DUKE1992B
; Anticardiospasmic DUKE1992B
; Anticolitic DUKE1992B
; Antidecubitic DUKE1992B
; Antideliriant DUKE1992B
; Antiencephalopathic M29
; Antifatigue JBH
; Antigastritic JBH
; Antiheartburn DUKE1992B
; Antiherpetic DUKE1992B
; Antimigraine DUKE1992B
; Antimyocarditic DUKE1992B
; Antineuralgic WER
; Antineurasthenic DUKE1992B
; Antineuritic DUKE1992B
; Antineuropathic 50 mg WER
; Antipoliomyelitic DUKE1992B
; Insectifuge 75-150 mg/man/day MAR
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
- THREONINE
Fruit 310 - 2,232 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antioxidant? PC27:976
; Antiulcer M29
; Essential JBH
; FLavor FEMA 1,000 ARC
- TRYPTOPHAN
Fruit 70 - 504 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Analgesic 750 mg/4x/day/orl/man M29
; Antianxiety 500-1,000 mg/meal WER
; Antidementia 3 g/day WER
; Antidepressant 1-3 g/3x/day/orl/man M29
; Antidyskinetic 2-8 g/orl/wmn/day M29
; Antihypertensive JAF36:1079
; Antiinsomniac 1-3 g/day WER
; Antimanic 12 g/man/day/orl PAM
; Antimenopausal 6 g/day WER
; Antimigraine 500 mg/man/4x/day M29
; Antioxidant? PC27:976
; Antiparkinsonian 2 g 3 x/day WER
; Antiphenylketonuric M29
; Antipsychotic 12 g/man/day M29
; Antirheumatic M29
; Carcinogenic CRC
; Essential JBH
; Hypnotic M29
; Hypoglycemic EMP6:157
; Hypotensive 3 g/day WER
; Insulinase-Inhibitor EMP6:157
; Insulinotonic JAF36:1079
; Monoamine-Precursor PAM
; Prolactinogenic PAM
; Sedative 3-10 g/man/day; Serotoninergic 6-12 g/day/orl/man MAR
; Tumor-Promoter JAF36:1079
- TYROSINE
Fruit 100 - 720 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antidepressant?; Antiencephalopathic M29
; Antiparkinsonian 100 mg/kg day WER
; Antiphenylketonuric M29
; Antiulcer 256 mg scu BBE
400 mg/kg ipr rat BBE
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Monoamine-Precursor PAM
- URSOLIC-ACID
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
Analgesic FT63(3):195
; Antialzheimeran JNP61:1212
; Antiarthritic PM57:A56
; Anticancer JNP61:1212
; Anticancer (Colon) JNP61:1212
; Anticariogenic LAF
; Anticholestatic 28-100 mg/kg orl PR6:74
; Anticomplement IC100 0.1 mM/l gpg HH2
IC80-90 0.05 mM/l gpg HH2
; Antidiabetic CCO
; AntiEBV CAN
; Antiedemic; Antifibrosarcomic IC80=10 uM BO2
; Antihepatotoxic 5-20 mg/kg ipr PR6:74
; Antihistaminic CPB39:3276
; AntiHIV EC50=2.0 ug/ml JNP61:1090
IC50=6.5 ug/ml JNP61:1090
IC85=18 ug/ml JNP59:643
; Antihyperlipidemic JE49:57
; Antiinflammatory 1/3 indomethacin IC24=500 mg/kg; Antileishmanic ED50=20 uM POP:113
; Antileukemic JNP53(3):513
; Antilymphomic CAN
; Antimalarial IC50=28-37 ug/ml PR13:115
; Antimetastatic IC80=10 uM BO2
; Antimutagenic PPB17:990
; Antiobesity? IJO16:4
; Antioxidant BCI28:735
; Antiplasmodial IC50=28-37 ug/ml PR13:115
; Antiproliferative IC50=15-20 uM FT66(4):369
; Antistaphylococcic CAN
; Antitumor CR54:701
; Antitumor (Breast) 0.5% diet CLE104:43
IC50=15-20 uM FT66(4):369
; Antitumor (Colon) CAN
; Antitumor (Lung) CAN
; Antitumor (Stomach) FT66(4):369
; Antitumor-Promoter PM57:A56
; Antiulcer PR6:74
; Antiviral IC85=18 ug/ml; Aromatase-Inhibitor FIT68:387
; Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor ~100 mg/kg BO2
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Choleretic 5-20 mg/kg orl PR6:74
; CNS-Depressant DUKE1992B
; COX-2-Inhibitor IC50=130 uM/; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor JNP61:1212
; Cytotoxic 50 ppm JNP53(3):513
ED50=3.75 ug/ml JNP53(3):513
; Diuretic DUKE1992B
; Elastase-Inhibitor IC50=~15 uM BO2
; Hepatoprotective 1-100 ug/ml; Hypoglycemic JE27:243
; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=0.18 mM FT66(4):369
; MMP-9-Inhibitor IC80=10 uM BO2
; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor BO2
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Piscicide DUKE1992B
; Potassium-Sparing 3 mg/rat IWU
; Protease-Inhibitor IC85=18 ug/ml JNP59:643
; Protisticide CE7:285
; Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 5 ug/ml AR19:35
; Sodium-Sparing 3 mg/rat IWU
- VALINE
Fruit 280 - 2,016 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiencephalopathic M29
; Essential DUKE1992B
; FLavor FEMA 1,000-2,000 ARC
- VIT-B-6
Fruit 1 - 10 ppm DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- WATER
Fruit 854,000 - 868,000 ppm DUKE1992A
Seed 103,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- WAX
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- XANTHOPHYLL
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
Bruchifuge DUKE1992B
; Insectifuge 382
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
- XYLOSE
Fruit:
DUKE1992A
-
Antidiabetic; Diagnostic MAR
; Dye M11
- ZINC
Fruit 2 - 20 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiacne 135 mg/day; Antiacrodermatitic 8-34 mg/day/orl/chd M29
; Antialopecic DAS
; Antialzheimeran 50 mg day WER
; Antianorexic M29
; Antiarthritic? 50 mg/3x/day/orl/man M29
; Anticanker 100 mg/day WER
; Anticataract 30 mg/day WER
; Anticoeliac MAR
; Anticold 50 mg DAS
; Anticolitic DAS
; Anticoronary 30 mg/day SYN-X
; AntiCrohn's DAS
; Antidandruff DAS
; Antidiabetic SYN-X
; Antidote (Cadmium) LL-MAY89
; Antieczemic 150 mg/day WER
; Antiencephalopathic M29
; Antiepileptic 100 mg/day WER
; Antifuruncular 45 mg/3x/day/man MAR
; Antiherpetic? 25 mg/day PAM
; Antiimpotence M29
; Antiinfective 50 mg/day WER
; Antiinfertility 60 mg/day WER
; Antiinsomniac DAS
; Antilepric M29
; Antileukonychic MTM
; Antiobesity 30 mg/day SYN-X
; Antiplaque M29
; Antiprolactin PAM
; Antiprostatitic 50 mg/man/day/orl PAM
; Antirheumatic DAS
; Antispare-Tire 30 mg/day SYN-X
; Antistomatitic 50 mg/man/3x/day MAR
; Antisyndrome-X 30 mg/day SYN-X
; Antitinnitic 60-120 mg/day WER
; Antitriglyceride 30 mg/day SYN-X
; Antiulcer 50 mg/3x/day/man MAR
88 mg/rat/day/15 days DUKE1992B
; Antiviral? M29
; Astringent MAR
; Copper-Antagonist SYN-X
; Deodorant M29
; Hypotensive 30 mg/day SYN-X
; Immunostimulant DAS
; Immunosuppressant 300 mg/day/6 wks/orl/man M29
; Insulinogenic 30 mg/day SYN-X
; Leptingenic 30-60 mg/man/day SYN-X
; Mucogenic JPP42:657
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Spermigenic 60 mg/day WER
; Testosteronigenic WER
; Trichomonicide M29
; Vulnerary MAR
References
- 382:
Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
- 411:
Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
- 438:
Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.
- 453:
Grundy, D. L. and Still, C. C., Inhibition of acetylcholinesterases by pulegone-1,2-epoxide, Oest. Biochem. & Physiol., 23, 1985, 383-8.
- 505:
Jim Duke's personal files.
- 525:
Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
- ABEL1999:
Jim Duke's personal files
- ABS:
Abstract (See species file)
- ACM:211:
Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 211.
- ACM:359:
Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 359.
- ACN:207:
Jim Duke's personal files
- AEM401:131:
Jim Duke's personal files
- AFR27:172:
Jim Duke's personal files
- AFR27:173:
Jim Duke's personal files
- AFR27:217:
Jim Duke's personal files
- AHP156:
Jim Duke's personal files
- AJC62:1212:
Jim Duke's personal files
- AR19:35:
Lee, S. K., Song, Y., Mata-Greenwood, E., Kelloff, G. J., Steele, V. E., Pezzuto, J. M. 1999. Modulation of in vitro Biomarkers of the Carcinogenic Process by Chemopreventive Agents. Anticancer Res., 19: 35-44.
- ARC:
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Note: Most ARC numerical data were in mg/dl. I know of no other plant where zinc is more prevalent than other minerals and protein. These data should be viewed as suspect.
- ARO95:16:
Jim Duke's personal files
- ARS:451:
Ferretti, A., Flanagan, V. P. 1996. Antithromboxane Activity of Dietary Alpha-linolenic Acid: A Pilot Study. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Essential Fatty Acids, 54(6): 451-455. ARS, USDA.
- AllHerb1998:
AllHerb1998
- B02:
Jim Duke's personal files
- BBE:
Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006.
- BBR216:198:
Jim Duke's personal files
- BCI28:735:
Balanehru, S. and Nagarajan, B. 1992. Intervention of Adriamycin Induced Free Radical Damage. Biochemistry International 28(4): 735-744, 1992.
- BIS:
Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.
Note: English translation of Wichtl, 1984,1989).
- BJP3:10:
Jim Duke's personal files
- BO2:
Jim Duke's personal files
- BPB20:1017:
Hamada, S. I., Kataoka, T., Woo, J. T., Yamada, A., Yoshida, T., Nishimura, T., Otake, N., Nagai, K. 1997. Immunosuppressive Effects by Gallic Acid and Chebulagic Acid on CTL-Mediated Cytotoxicity. Biol Pharm Bull, 20: 1017-1019.
- BVC:162:
Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC
- CAN:
Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
- CAR17:821:
Ahn, D., Putt, D., Kresty, L., Stoner, G. D., Fromm, D., Hollenberg, P. F. 1996. The Effects of Dietary Ellagic Acid on Rat Hepatic and Esophageal Mucosal Cytochromes P450 and Phase II Enzymes. Carcinogenesis, 17(4): 821-828.
- CCO:
Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)
- CD33:333:
Jim Duke's personal files
- CE7:285:
Chemical Express, 7: 285, 1992.
- CLE104:43:
Jim Duke's personal files
- CLE120:213:
Uda, Y., Price, K. R., Williamson, G., Rhodes, M. J. C. 1997. Induction of the Anticarcinogenic Marker Enzyme, Quinone Reductase, in Murine Hepatoma Cells In Vitro by Flavonoids. Cancer Lett., 120 (2): 213-216.
- CMR3/4/91:16:
Jim Duke's personal files
- CPB37:2531:
Shimizu, M., Horie, S., Terashima, S., Ueno, H., et al. 1989. Studies on Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Natural Products.II. Active Components of a Paraguayan Crude Drug "Para-parai mi," Phyllanthus niruri. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 37(9): 2531-2532, 1989.
- CPB38:1049:
Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.
- CPB38:1051:
Jim Duke's personal files
- CPB38:1225:
Hatano, T., Yasuhara, T., Yoshihara, R., Agata, I., Noro, T., and Okuda, T. 1989. Effects of Interaction of Tannins with Co-existing Substances.VII. Inhibitory Effects of Tannins Related Polyphenols on Xanthine Oxidase. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(5): 1224-1229
- CPB38:1772:
Chem. & Pharm. Bull. 38: 1772.
- CPB38:2201:
Mayumi Ito (nee Someya), et al. 1990. Hepatoprotective Compounds from Canarium album and Euphorbia nematocypha. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2201-2203, 1990.
- CPB38:2283:
Shimizu,*M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Paraguayan Crude Drug "Alhucema" (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990.
- CPB38:3086:
Seki, T., Toeda, C., Kawaguchi, T., Juni, K., Sugibayashi, K., and Morimoto, Y. 1990. Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Zidovudine in Rats and Human Skin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(11): 3086-3089, 1990.
- CPB39:3276:
Tsuruga, T., Chun, Y.-T., Ebizuka, Y., and Sankawa, U. 1991. Biologically Active Constituents of Melaleuca leucadendron: Inhibitors of Induced Histamine Release from Rat Mast Cells. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 39(12): 3276-3278, 1991.
- CPB41:1469:
Shimizu, M., Zenko, Y., Tanaka, R., Matsuzawa, T., Morita, N. 1993. Studies on Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Natural Products. V. Active Components of Hachimi-jio-gan (Kampo Medicine). Chem Pharm Bull, 41(8): 1469-1471.
- CPB43:1385:
Okada,Y,et al.1995.Search for Naturally Occurring Substances to Prevent the Complications of Diabetes.II.Inhibitory Effect of Coumarin and Flavonoid Derivatives on Bovine Lens Aldose Reductase and Rabbit Platelet Aggregation.Chem Pharm Bull43(8):1385-1387
- CPT59:62:
Jim Duke's personal files
- CR54:701:
Cancer Research, 54: 701, 1994.
- CRC:
CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
- DAS:
Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
- DFN:154:
Jim Duke's personal files
- DFN:159:
Jim Duke's personal files
- DFN:160:
Jim Duke's personal files
- DUKE1992A:
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
- DUKE1992B:
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of biologically active phytochemicals and their activities. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
- EMP1:53:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.
- EMP5:194:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.
- EMP5:195:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195.
- EMP5:199:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 199.
- EMP5:224:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 224.
- EMP5:225:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 225.
- EMP5:333:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 333.
- EMP5:363:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.
- EMP6:157:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 157.
- EMP6:170:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 170.
- EMP6:189:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
- EMP6:235:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.
- FAC:
Facciola, S. 1998. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, Vista CA. 713 pp.
- FHN:
Forest H. Nielsen, USDA, Grand Forks, various publications.
- FIH:
Cunane, S. and Thompson, L. U., eds. 1995. Flaxseed in Human Nutrition. AOCS Press, Champaign IL. 384 pp.
- FIT68:387:
Jim Duke's personal files
- FNF:
Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.
- FT59:465:
Fitoterapia No.59-1984.
- FT5:1990:
Fitoterapia No.5-1990.
- FT63(1):3:
Jim Duke's personal files
- FT63(3):195:
Jim Duke's personal files
- FT63(3):197:
Jim Duke's personal files
- FT65(2):185:
Jim Duke's personal files
- FT66(4):369:
Jim Duke's personal files
- FT67:200:
Jim Duke's personal files
- FT67:279:
Jim Duke's personal files
- FT68(4):291:
Jim Duke's personal files
- GAS:
Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)
- HG22:14:
HerbalGram No. 22 - Spring 1990, page 14.
- HG22:27:
Jim Duke's personal files
- HH2:
Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
- HSC25:1485:
Cerda, J.J. Pectin in Health and Disease. HortScience, 25(12): 1485, 1990.
- HSC25:1495:
Simon, P.W. Carrots and Other Horticultural Crops as a Source of Provitamin A Carotenes. HortScience, 25(12): 1495, 1990.
- IAA94:262:
Dorsch, W., Wagner, H. New Antiasthmatic Drugs from Traditional Medicine? Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 94: 262-265, 1991.
- IJO16:4:
Internat. J. Oriental Med. 16: 4.
- ISA14:93:
Bettarini, F., Borgonovi, G.E., et al. 1991. Antiparasitic Compounds from East African Plants: Isolation and Biological Activity of Anonaine, Matricarianol, Canthin-6-One and Caryophyllene Oxide. Insect Sci. Applic. 14(1): 93-99, 1993.
- IWU:
Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.
- J14432:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAD:
Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.
- JAF36:1079:
J. Agri. & Food Chemistry, 36: 1079.
- JAF38:688:
Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690.
- JAF40:2330:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF41:1103:
Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105.
- JAF43:2144:
Yu, S.G., Anderson, P.J., and Elson, C.E. 1995. Efficacy of B-Ionone in the Chemoprevention of Rat Mammary Carcinogenesis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2144-2147.
- JAF43:2283:
J. Agric. Food Chem. 43: 2283.
- JAF44:2096:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF44:2802:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF45:3276:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF45:4505:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF45:677:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF46:1268:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF47:397:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF47:4574:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF48:5666:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAFC34:409:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAFC37:1365:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAFC48:220:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAR10:7:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAR4:22:
J. Aromatherapy 4: 22.
- JBH:
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
- JCN70:1040:
Dullo, A. G., et al. 1999. Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, 70: 1040-1045.
- JE26:74:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JE26:80:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JE26:81:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JE26:83:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JE27:243:
Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989.
- JE28:221:
Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.
- JE32:174:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JE42:95:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JE49:57:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JIM127:546:
Jim Duke's personal files.
- JMF1(3):
Jim Duke's personal files
- JMF2:167:
Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 167.1999.
- JN127:668:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JNM1:10:
Jim Duke's personal files.
- JNM7:51:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JNP39:446:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JNP53(3):513:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JNP53(5):1239:
Nakane, H., Fukushima, M., and Ono*, K. Differential Inhibition Of Reverse Transcriptase And Various DNA Polymerases By Digallic Acid And Its Derivatives. Journal of Natural Products, 53(5): 1234-1240, 1990.
- JNP54:152:
Tan, G.T., Pezzuto, J.M., Kinghorn,* A.D., Hughes, S.H. Evaluation Of Natural Products As Inhibitors Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Reverse Transcriptase. Journal of Natural Products, 54(1): 143-154, 1991.
- JNP54:455:
Aquino, R., De Feo, V., De Simone, F., Pizza, C.*, and Cirino, G. Plant Metabolites. New Compounds And Anti-Inflammatory Activity Of Uncaria tomentosa. Journal of Natural Products, 54(2): 453-459, 1991.
- JNP55:999:
Zheng, G-Q., Kenney, P.M., and Lam, L.K.T. Sesquiterpenes From Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) As Potential Anticarcinogenic Agents. Journal of Natural Products 55(7): 999-1003, 1992.
- JNP57:658:
Denyer, C.V., Jackson, P., Loakes, D.M., Ellis, M.R., and Yound, D.A.B. Isolation of Antirhinoviral Sesquiterpenes From Ginger (Zingiber officinale). Journal of Natural Products, 57(5): 658-662, 1994.
- JNP59:205:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JNP59:643:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JNP59:987:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JNP60(9):884:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JNP61:1090:
Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.
- JNP61:1212:
Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.
- JNU:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JPP42:657:
Li, K.M. Effect of zinc sulphate on acetic acid-induced gastric ulceration in rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 657-659, 1990.
- JSPR22:141:
J. Stored. Prod. Res., 22:141, 1986.
- KCH:
Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
- LAF:
Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
- LAF337:
Jim Duke's personal files
- LAF351:
Jim Duke's personal files
- LL-MAY89:
Let's Live, May 1989.
- LRN-DEC90:
Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-90.
- LRN-JUN89:
Jim Duke's personal files
- LRN-SEP91:
Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-91.
- LS55:1061:
Life Sciences 55: 1061.
- M&R495:
Jim Duke's personal files
- M&R499:
Jim Duke's personal files
- M&R521:
Jim Duke's personal files
- M&R594:
Jim Duke's personal files
- M&R610:
Jim Duke's personal files
- M&R618:
Jim Duke's personal files
- M&R722:
Jim Duke's personal files
- M11:
Merck 11th Edition
- M29:
Martindale's 29th
- M29(P.779):
Martindale's 29th, p. 779.
- M29:1064:
Jim Duke's personal files
- M30:
Martindale's 30th
- MAR:
Martindale's 28th
- MED:
Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)
- MED'95:
Jim Duke's personal files
- MPT:
Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of the Tropics. Leeuwenberg, A.J.M., ed. Pudoc, Wageningen. 1987.
- MTM:
Jim Duke's personal files
- NIG:
Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
- NR54:S71:
Jim Duke's personal files
- OMM:
Oriental Materia Medica (three volumes by Dr. Hsu and collaborators)
- P&T78:143:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PAL:334:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PAL:339:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PAM:
Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
- PC23:1885:
Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
- PC27:969:
Larson, R.A. 1987. Review Article Number 30. The Antioxidants of Higher Plants. Phytochemistry. 27: 969-978.
- PC27:976:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PC29(5):1667:
Jung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum fruticosum. Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990.
- PCF:
Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp.
- PCF:14:
Naim, M., Zehavi, U., Nagy, S., and Rouseff, R.L. Hydroxycinnamic Acids as Off-Flavor Precursors in Citrus Fruits and Their Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.14.
- PCF:142:
Osawa, T. Phenolic Antioxidants in Dietary Plants as Antimutagens.Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.11 p.142.
- PCF:180:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PCF:218:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PCF:245:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PCF:49:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PCF:51:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PCF:69:
Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.
- PCF:93:
Okuda, T., Yoshida, T., and Hatano, T. Antioxidant Effects of Tannins and Related Polyphenols. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.7 p.93.
- PFH46:77:
Singh, J., Gupta, K., and Arora, S.K. 1993. Changes in the anti-nutritional factors of developing seeds and pod walls of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.). Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 46: 77-84, 1994.
- PJB1(1):169:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PJB1(1):181:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PJB1(2):260:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PJB1(2):262:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PJB1(2):264:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PJB1(2):266:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PJB1(2):287:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PJB1(3):238:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PJB1(3):242:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PM56(1):41:
Ekeke, G.I. and Shode, F.O. 1988. Phenylalanine is the Predominant Antisickling Agent in Cajanus cajan Seed Extract. Planta Medica 56(1): 41, 1990.
- PM56(2):171:
Joyeux, M., Rolland, A., Fleurentin, J., Mortier, F., and Dorfman, P. 1989. Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Injury in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes: A Model for Studying Anti-Hepatotoxic Crude Drugs. Planta Medica 56(2): 171-173, 1990.
- PM56(2):173:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PM56(3):258:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PM56(6):677:
Matsukawa, Y., et al. The Effect of Quercetin and Other Flavonoids on Cell Cycle Progresssion and Growth of Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Planta Medica, 56(6): 677, 1990.
- PM56(6):695:
Planta Medica, 56(6): 695, 1990.
- PM57:A110:
Planta Medica, 57: A110, 1991.
- PM57:A113:
Planta Medica, 57: A113, 1991.
- PM57:A43:
Planta Medica, 57: A43, 1991.
- PM57:A54:
Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.
- PM57:A56:
Planta Medica, 57: A56, 1991.
- PM58(6):499:
Kroes, B.H., et al. 1991. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Gallic Acid. Planta Medica, 58(6): 499.
- PM65:395:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PMID10404425:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PMID10673981:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PMID10830511:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PMID10857921:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PMID10918203:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PMID11020457:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PMID11030720:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PMP23:55:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PMP23:60:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PMP24:113:
Jim Duke's personal files
- POP:113:
Jim Duke's personal files
- POP:153:
Jim Duke's personal files
- POP:270:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PPB17:990:
Jim Duke's personal files.
- PR11:281:
Ibewuike, J. C., Ogungbamila, F. O., Ogundaini, A. O., Okeke, I. N., Bohlin, L. 1997. Antiinflammatory and Antibacterial Activities of C-methylflavonol from Piliostigma thonningii. Phytotherapy Research, 11(4): 281-284.
- PR13:115:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PR14:93:
Seidel, V., Verholle, M., Malard, Y., Tillequin, F., Fruchart, J-C., Duriez, P., Bailleul, F., Teissier, E. 2000. Phenylpropanoids from Ballota nigra L. Inhibit in vitro LDL Peroxidation. Phytotherapy Research, 14(2): 93-98.
- PR15:122:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PR4(5):198:
Lamikanra, A., Ogundaini, A.O., and Ogungbamila*, F.O. Antibacterial Constituents of Alchornea cordifolia Leaves. Phytotherapy Research 4(5): 198.
- PR4(5):201:
Meli, R., Autore, G., Di Carlo, G., Capasso, F. Inhibitory Action of Quercetin on Intestinal Transit in Mice. Phytotherapy Research 4(5): 201, 1990.
- PR6:74:
Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992.
- PS131:95:
Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.
- PS75:161:
Abid Ali Khan, M.M., Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S., Zaim, M., and Thakur, R.S. 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua. Plant Science, 75: 161-165, 1991.
- QJC28:155:
Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155.
- QRNM(SUMMER):91:
Jim Duke's personal files
- QRNM1997:293:
Jim Duke's personal files
- RIE12:5:
Revista Itiliana Eppos, 12: 5, 1994.
- RIN:
Rinzler, C. A. 1990. The Complete Book of Herbs, Spices and Condiments. Facts on File, New York. 199 pp.
- RR21:85:
Rastitel'nye Resursy, 21: 85.
- RWG122:
Jim Duke's personal files
- RWG125:
Jim Duke's personal files