Copaiba oil s being used today in the natural products market for stomach ulcers, ulcerative colitis, inflammation and infections of all kinds internally and externally, for nail fungus externally, and for its documented wound-healing, antimicrobial and anticancerous properties.

To learn more about this wonderful rainforest plant, go to the Tropical Plant Database file on Copaiba as well as Leslie Taylor's Blog on Copaiba. More information can also be found in the new Antimicrobial Guide. To see pictures of the copaiba tree, click here.

Properties/Actions Documented by Research: analgesic, antibacterial, anticancerous, antifungal, antihistamine, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, COX-inhibitor, hypocholesterolemic, immune modulator, insecticidal, pediculicide

Properties/Actions Documented by Traditional Use: anti-arthritic, antirheumatic, antitussive, depurative, febrifuge, purgative, tonic, vermifuge
Suggested Use: Internal use: Take 30-60 drops (1-2 ml) twice daily. External Use: Apply directly to skin as desired.
Contraindications: Not to be used internally during pregnancy or while breast-feeding.
Drug Interactions: None reported.
Other Practitioner Observations:

• 1. Avoid contact with mucous membranes, as the resin can act as an irritant.
• 2. Those sensitive to the resin may experience a measles-like rash accompanied by irritation, itching and/or tingling when using topically or taking internally. Discontinue use if these effects occur or dilute with another oil.
• 3. Do not take internally in large dosages (more than 5 ml). Large dosages have been reported to cause nausea, vomiting, fever, and rashes. Discontinue or reduce dosage if these effects occur.

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Published Research on Copaiba

All available third-party research on copaiba can be found at PubMed. A partial listing of the published research on copaiba updated through Jan 2019 is shown below:

Wound Healing Actions:
Gushiken, L., et al. "Skin wound healing potential and mechanisms of the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves and oleoresin of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. Kuntze in rats." Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2017; 2017: 6589270.
de Albuquerque, K., et al. "Brazilian Amazon traditional medicine and the treatment of difficult to heal Leishmaniasis wounds with Copaifera." Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2017; 2017: 8350320.
Masson-Meyers, et al. "Topical treatment with Copaifera langsdorffii oleoresin improves wound healing in rats." Int. J. Phytomed. 2013, 5, 378–386.
Estevão, L., et al. "Effects of the topical administration of copaiba oil ointment (Copaifera langsdorffii) in skin flaps viability of rats." Acta Cir Bras. 2013 Dec; 28(12): 863-9.
Comelli, E., et al. "Rupture point analysis of intestinal anastomotic healing in rats under the action of pure Copaiba (Copaifera langsdorfii) oil." Acta Cir Bras. 2010 Aug;25(4):362-7.
de Lima Silva, J., et al. "Effects of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. on ischemia-reperfusion of randomized skin flaps in rats." Aesthetic Plast. Surg. 2009 Jan; 33(1): 104-9.
Paiva, L., et al. "Investigation on the wound healing activity of oleo-resin from Copaifera langsdorfii in rats." Phytother. Res. 2002; 16(8): 737-39.

Antimicrobial Actions:
Souza, M., et al. "ent-Copalic acid antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties against Actinomyces naeslundii and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius." Anaerobe. 2018 Aug; 52: 43-49.
Vieira, R., et al. "In vitro studies of the antibacterial activity of Copaifera spp. oleoresins, sodium hypochlorite, and peracetic acid against clinical and environmental isolates recovered from a hemodialysis unit." Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018; 7: 14
Diefenbach, A., et al. "Antimicrobial activity of copaiba oil (Copaifera ssp.) on oral pathogens: Systematic review." Phytother Res. 2018 Apr; 32(4): 586-596.
Ribeiro, V., et al. "Use of spinning band distillation equipment for fractionation of volatile compounds of Copaifera oleoresins for developing a validated gas chromatographic method and evaluating antimicrobial activity." Biomed. Chromatogr. 2018 Oct 26: e4412.
Diefenbach, A., et al. "Antimicrobial activity of copaiba oil (Copaifera ssp.) on oral pathogens: Systematic review." Phytother Res. 2018 Apr; 32(4): 586-596.
Guimarães, A., et al. "Antimicrobial activity of copaiba (Copaifera officinalis) and pracaxi (Pentaclethra macroloba) oils against Staphylococcus aureus: Importance in compounding for wound care." Int. J. Pharm. Compd. 2016 Jan-Feb; 20(1): 58-62.
Tobouti, P., et al. "Influence of melaleuca and copaiba oils on adhesion." Gerodontology. 2016 Sep; 33(3): 380-5.
Bardaji, D., et al. "Copaifera reticulata oleoresin: Chemical characterization and antibacterial properties against oral pathogens." Anaerobe. 2016 Aug; 40: 18-27.
Abrão, F., et al. "Copaifera langsdorffii oleoresin and its isolated compounds: antibacterial effect and antiproliferative activity in cancer cell lines." BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2015 Dec 21; 15: 443.
Zimmermam-Franco, D., et al. "Antifungal activity of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf oleoresin against dermatophytes." Molecules. 2013 Oct 11; 18(10): 12561-70.
Fonseca, A., et al. "In vitro antimicrobial activity of plant-derived diterpenes against bovine mastitis bacteria." Molecules. 2013 Jul; 18(7): 7865-72.
Pieri, F. et al. "Bacteriostatic effect of copaiba oil (Copaifera officinalis) against Streptococcus mutans." Braz Dent J. 2012;23(1):36-8.
Santos, R., et al. "Antimicrobial activity of Amazonian oils against Paenibacillus species." J Invertebr Pathol. 2012 Mar;109(3):265-8.
Souza, A., et al. "Antimicrobial evaluation of diterpenes from Copaifera langsdorffii oleoresin against periodontal anaerobic bacteria." Molecules. 2011 Nov 18;16(11):9611-9.
Souza, A., et al. "Antimicrobial activity of terpenoids from Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. against cariogenic bacteria." Phytother Res. 2011 Feb; 25(2): 215-20.
Astani, A., et al. "Screening for antiviral activities of isolated compounds from essential oils." Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2010.
Pereira, S., et al. "Limited benefit of copaifera oil on gingivitis progression in humans." J. Contemp. Dent. Pract. 2010 Jan 1; 11(1): E057-64.
Correia, A., et al. "Amazonian plant crude extract screening for activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria." Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 2008 Nov-Dec; 12(6): 369-80.
Santos, A., et al. "Antimicrobial activity of Brazilian copaiba oils obtained from different species of the Copaifera genus." Mem .Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 2008 May; 103(3): 277-81.
Kuete, V., et al. "Antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract, fractions and compounds from the stem bark of Irvingia gabonensis (Ixonanthaceae)." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Oct; 114(1): 54-60.
Cotoras, M., et al. "Characterization of the antifungal activity on Botrytis cinerea of the natural diterpenoids kaurenoic acid and 3beta-hydroxy-kaurenoic acid." J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004 May; 52(10): 2821-6.
Sartori, M., et al. "Antifungal activity of fractions and two pure Candida albicans compounds of flowers from Wedelia paludosa (Acmela brasiliensis) (Asteraceae)." Pharmazie. 2003; 58(8): 567-9.
Tincusi, B., et al. "Antimicrobial terpenoids from the oleoresin of the Peruvian medicinal plant Copaifera paupera." Planta Med. 2002; 68(9): 808-12.
Wilkins, M., et al. "Characterization of the bactericidal activity of the natural diterpene kaurenoic acid." Planta Med. 2002 68(5): 452-54.
Yang, D., et al. "Use of caryophyllene oxide as an antifungal agent in an in vitro experimental model of onychomycosis." Mycopathologia. 1999; 148(2): 79-82.
Davino, S., et al. "Antimicrobial activity of kaurenoic acid derivatives substituted on carbon-15." Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 1989; 22(9): 1127-29.
Maruzzella, J., et al. "Antibacterial activity of essential oil vapors." J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 1960; 49: 692-94.

Human Studies:
Musale, P., et al. "Clinical pulpotomy trial of Copaifera langsdorffii oil resin versus formocresol and white mineral trioxide aggregate in primary teeth." Pediatr. Dent. 2016 Mar-Apr; 38(2): 5-12.
da Silva, A., et al. "Application of the essential oil from copaiba (Copaifera langsdori Desf.) for acne vulgaris: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial." Altern. Med. Rev. 2012 Mar; 17(1): 69-75.
Gelmini, F., et al. "GC-MS profiling of the phytochemical constituents of the oleoresin from Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. and a preliminary in vivo evaluation of its antipsoriatic effect." Int. J. Pharm. 2013 Jan 20; 440(2): 170-8.

Anti-inflammatory & Pain-relieving Actions:
Ribeiro, V., et al. "Brazilian medicinal plants with corroborated anti-inflammatory activities: a review." Pharm Biol. 2018; 56(1): 253–268.
Teixeira, F., et al. "Copaiba oil-resin (Copaifera reticulata Ducke) modulates the inflammation in a model of injury to rats’ tongues." BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017; 17: 313.
do Rosário, M., et al. "Degalactosylation of xyloglucans modify their pro-inflammatory properties on murine peritoneal macrophages." Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2017 Dec; 105(Pt 1): 533-540.
Furtado, R., et al. "Antiedematogenic evaluation of Copaifera langsdorffii leaves hydroethanolic extract and its major compounds." Biomed. Res. Int. 2015; 2015: 913152.
Gomes, N., et al. "Characterization of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of fractions obtained from Copaifera multijuga Hayne." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Jan 12.
Leandro, L., et al. "Chemistry and biological activities of terpenoids from copaiba (Copaifera spp.) oleoresins." Molecules. 2012 Mar 30; 17(4) :3866-89.
Kobayashi, C., et al. "Pharmacological evaluation of Copaifera multijuga oil in rats." Pharm Biol. 2011 Mar;49(3):306-13.
Chavan, M., et al. "Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Caryophyllene oxide from Annona squamosa L. bark." Phytomedicine. 2010 Feb; 17(2): 149-151.
Rogerio, A., et al. "Preventive and therapeutic anti-inflammatory properties of the sesquiterpene alpha-humulene in experimental airways allergic inflammation." Br. J. Pharmacol. 2009 Oct; 158(4): 1074-87.
de Lima Silva, J., et al. "Effects of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. on ischemia-reperfusion of randomized skin flaps in rats." Aesthetic Plast. Surg. 2009 Jan; 33(1): 104-9.
Fernandes, E., et al. "Anti-inflammatory effects of compounds alpha-humulene and (-)-trans-caryophyllene isolated from the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea." Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2007 Aug; 569(3): 228-36.
Veiga Jr., V., et al. "Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of copaiba oils from Copaifera cearensis Huber ex Ducke, Copaifera reticulata Ducke and Copaifera multijuga Hayne--a comparative study." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Jun; 112(2): 248-54.
Gomes, N., "Antinociceptive activity of Amazonian Copaiba oils." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Feb; 109(3): 486-92.
Veiga Junior, V., et al. "The inhibition of paw oedema formation caused by the oil of Copaifera multijuga Hayne and its fractions." J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2006; 58(10): 1405-10.
Paiva, L., et al. "Anti-inflammatory effect of kaurenoic acid, a diterpene from Copaifera langsdorffi on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats." Vascul. Pharmacol. 2002 Dec; 39(6):303-7.
Veiga, V., et al. "Phytochemical and antioedematogenic studies of commercial copaiba oils available in Brazil." Phytother. Res. 2001; 15(6): 476-80.
Ghelardini, C., et al. "Local anaesthetic activity of beta-caryophyllene." Farmaco. 2001; 56(5-7): 387-9.
Cascon, V., et al. "Characterization of the chemical composition of oleoresins of Copaifera guianensis Desf., Copaifera duckei Dwyer and Copaifera multijuna Hayne." Phytochemistry. 2000; 55(7): 773-78.
Basile, A., et al. "Anti-inflammatory activity of oleoresin from Brazilian Copaifera." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1988; 22: 101-9.
Fernandes, R., Contribuicao para o conhecimento do efito antiiinflamatorio e analgesico do balsamo de copaiba e alguns de seus constituintes quimicos. Thesis, 1986. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.

Anti-spasmodic & Muscle-Relaxant Actions:
Leonhardt, V., et al. "Antispasmodic effects of essential oil of Pterodon polygalaeflorus and its main constituent beta-caryophyllene on rat isolated ileum." Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. 2009 Dec 11
Tirapelli, C., et al. "Pharmacological comparison of the vasorelaxant action displayed by kaurenoic acid andpimaradienoic acid." J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2005; 57(8): 997-1004.
Ambrosio, S., et al. "Role of the carboxylic group in the antispasmodic and vasorelaxant action displayed by kaurenoic acid." J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2004; 56(11): 1407-13.
Tirapelli, C., et al. "Analysis of the mechanisms underlying the vasorelaxant action of kaurenoic acid in the isolated rat aorta." Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2004 May; 492(2-3): 233-41.
de Alencar, G., et al. "Smooth muscle relaxant effect of kaurenoic acid, a diterpene from Copaifera langsdorffii on rat uterus in vitro." Phytother. Res. 2003; 17(4): 320-4.

Cellular Protective Actions:
Penido, A., et al. "Medicinal plants from northeastern Brazil against Alzheimer's disease." Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2017; 2017: 1753673.
Alves, J., et al. "In vivo protective effect of Copaifera langsdorffii hydroalcoholic extract on micronuclei induction by doxorubicin." J. Appl. Toxicol. 2013 Aug; 33(8): 854-60.
Guimaraes-Santos, A., et al. "Copaiba oil-resin treatment is neuroprotective and reduces neutrophil recruitment and microglia activation after motor cortex excitotoxic injury." Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012; 2012: 918174.
Curio, M., et al. "Acute effect of Copaifera reticulata Ducke copaiba oil in rats tested in the elevated plus-maze: an ethological analysis." J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2009 Aug; 61(8): 1105-10.
Cho, J., et al. "Amelioration of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by oral administration of beta-caryophyllene, a sesquiterpene." Life Sci. 2006 Nov 29;
Chang, H., et al. "Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) for neuroprotective activity of terpenoids." Life Sci. 2006 Nov 10;
de Araujo, F., et al. "Copaiba oil effect on aminotransferases of rats with hepatic ischemia and reperfusion with and without ischemic preconditioning." Acta Cir. Bras. 2005 Jan-Feb; 20(1): 93-9.
Brito, M., et al. "Copaiba oil effect on urea and creatinine serum levels in rats submitted to kidney ischemia and reperfusion syndrome" Acta Cir. Bras. 2005 May-Jun; 20(3): 243-6
Paiva, L., et al. "Attenuation of ischemia/reperfusion-induced intestinal injury by oleo-resin from Copaifera langsdorffii in rats." Life Sci. 2004 Sep 3; 75(16): 1979-87.
Paiva, L., et al. "Protective effect of Copaifera langsdorffii oleo-resin against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Jul; 93(1): 51-6.
Paiva, L., et al. "Gastroprotective effect of Copifera langsdorffii oleo-resin on experimental gastric ulcer models in rats." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 62(1): 73-8.
Tambe, Y., et al. "Gastric cytoprotection of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene, beta-caryophyllene." Planta Med. 1996; 62(5): 469-70.

Actions Against Endometriosis
Henriques da Silva, J., et al. "The oil-resin of the tropical rainforest tree Copaifera langsdorffii reduces cell viability, changes cell morphology and induces cell death in human endometriotic stromal cultures. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2015 Dec; 67(12): 1744-55.
Nogueira, N., et al. "Changes in the volume and histology of endometriosis foci in rats treated with copaiba oil (Copaifera langsdorffii)." Acta Cir Bras. 2011;26

Cytotoxic & Anticancerous Actions:
Di Sotto, A., "New insights in the antitumor effects of β-caryophyllene in breast cancer cells: The role of cannabinoid and adrenergic systems." Annals of Oncology. 2018 Mar; 29(3): 94.
Idippily, N., et al. "Copalic acid analogs down-regulate androgen receptor and inhibit small chaperone protein." Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2017 Jun; 27(11): 2292-2295.
Fidyt, K., et al. "β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide—natural compounds of anticancer and analgesic properties." Cancer Med. 2016 Oct; 5(10): 3007–3017.
Abrão, F., et al. "Copaifera langsdorffii oleoresin and its isolated compounds: antibacterial effect and antiproliferative activity in cancer cell lines." BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2015 Dec 21; 15: 443.
Jung, J., et al. "β-Caryophyllene potently inhibits solid tumor growth and lymph node metastasis of B16F10 melanoma cells in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6N mice." Carcinogenesis. 2015 Sep; 36(9): 1028-39.
Botelho, N., et al. "Immunohistochemistry of the uterine cervix of rats bearing the Walker 256 tumor treated with copaiba balsam." Acta Cir. Bras. 2013 Mar; 28(3): 185-9.
dos Santos Junior, H., et al. "Evaluation of native and exotic Brazilian plants for anticancer activity." J Nat Med. 2010 Apr; 64(2): 231-8.
Tundis, R., et al. "In vitro cytotoxic effects of Senecio stabianus Lacaita (Asteraceae) on human cancer cell lines." Nat. Prod. Res. 2009; 23(18): 1707-18.
Gomes, M., et al. "Antineoplasic activity of Copaifera multijuga oil and fractions against ascitic and solid Ehrlich tumor." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Sep; 119(1): 179-84.
Legault, J., et al. "Potentiating effect of beta-caryophyllene on anticancer activity of alpha-humulene, isocaryophyllene and paclitaxel." J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2007 Dec; 59(12): 1643-7.
Cavalcanti, B., et al. "Genotoxicity evaluation of kaurenoic acid, a bioactive diterpenoid present in Copaiba oil." Food Chem. Toxicol. 2006; 44(3): 388-92.
Krauchenco, S., et al. "Three-dimensional structure of an unusual Kunitz (STI) type trypsin inhibitor from Copaifera langsdorffii." Biochimie. 2004; 86(3): 167-72.
Legault, J., et al. "Potentiating effect of beta-caryophyllene on anticancer activity of alpha-humulene, isocaryophyllene and paclitaxel." J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2007 Dec; 59(12): 1643-7.
Lima, S., et al. "In vivo and in vitro studies on the anticancer activity of Copaifera multijuga Hayne and its fractions." Phytother. Res. 2003 Nov; 17(9): 1048-53.
Costa-Lotufo, L. V., et al. "The cytotoxic and embryotoxic effects of kaurenoic acid, a diterpene isolated from Copaifera langsdorffi." Toxicon. 2002; 40(8): 1231-34.
de Almeida Alves, T. M., et al. "Biological screening of Brazilian medicinal plants."Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 2000; 95(3): 367-73.
Ohsaki, A., et al. "The isolation and in vivo potent antitumor activity of clerodane diterpenoids from the oleoresin of Brazilian medicinal plant Copaifera langsdorfii Desfon." Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1994; 4: 2889-92.

Anti-parasitic & Insecticidal Actions:
Valentim, D., et al. "Effects of a nanoemulsion with Copaifera officinalis oleoresin against monogenean parasites of Colossoma macropomum: A Neotropical Serrasalmidae." J Fish Dis. 2018 Jul; 41(7): 1041-1048.
Borges, C., et al. "Copaifera duckei oleoresin and its main nonvolatile terpenes: in vitro schistosomicidal properties." Chem Biodivers. 2016 Oct; 13(10): 1348-1356.
Sâmia, R., et al. "Effects of aqueous extracts of Copaifera langsdorffii (Fabaceae) on the growth and reproduction of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Neotrop. Entomol. 2016 Oct; 45(5): 580-587. I
zumi, E., et al. "Toxicity of oleoresins from the genus Copaifera in Trypanosoma cruzi: a comparative study." Planta Med. 2013 Jul; 79(11): 952-8.
Cunha, N., et al. "In vitro schistosomicidal activity of some brazilian cerrado species and their isolated compounds." Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012; 2012: 173614.
Rondon, F., et al. "In vitro efficacy of Coriandrum sativum, Lippia sidoides and Copaifera reticulata against Leishmania chagasi." Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2012 Sep; 21(3): 185-91.
dos Santos, A., et al. "Copaiba Oil: An Alternative to Development of New Drugs against Leishmaniasis." Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012; 2012: 898419.
Valotto, C., et al. "[Ultrastructural alterations in larvae of Aedes aegypti subject to labdane diterpene isolated from Copaifera reticulata (Leguminosae) and a fraction enriched with tannins of Magonia pubescens (Sapindaceae)]." Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2011 Mar-Apr; 44(2): 194-200
dos Santos, A., et al. "Leishmania amazonensis: effects of oral treatment with copaiba oil in mice." Exp Parasitol. 2011 Oct; 129(2): 145-51.
dos Santos, A., et al. "Effect of Brazilian copaiba oils on Leishmania amazonensis." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Nov; 120(2): 204-8.
Geris, R., et al. "Diterpenoids from Copaifera reticulata Ducke with larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera, Culicidae)." Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. 2008 Jan-Feb; 50(1): 25-8.
da Silva, H., et al. "Larvicidal activity of oil-resin fractions from the Brazilian medicinal plant Copaifera reticulata Ducke (Leguminosae-Caesalpinoideae) against Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae)." Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 2007 May-Jun; 40(3): 264-7
de Freitas Fernandes, F., et al. "Acaricidal activity of an oleoresinous extract from Copaifera reticulata (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) against larvae of the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)." Vet. Parasitol. 2007 Jun; 147(1-2): 150-4.
de Mendonca, F., et al. "Activities of some Brazilian plants against larvae of the mosquito Aedes aegypti." Fitoterapia. 2005 Dec; 76(7-8): 629-36.

Non-Toxic Action:
Almeida, M., et al. "Genotoxicity assessment of Copaiba oil and its fractions in Swiss mice." Genet Mol Biol. 2012 Jul;35(3):664-72.
Sachetti, C., et al. "Developmental toxicity of copaiba tree (Copaifera reticulata Ducke, Fabaceae) oleoresin in rat." Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 May; 49(5): 1080-5.
Lima, C., et al. "Pre-clinical validation of a vaginal cream containing copaiba oil (reproductive toxicology study)." Phytomedicine. 2011 Sep 15; 18(12): 1013-23.

New Studies on Copaiba Leaves:
Motta, E., et al. "A validated HPLC-UV method for the analysis of galloylquinic acid derivatives and flavonoids in Copaifera langsdorffii leaves." J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2017 Sep 1; 1061-1062: 240-247.
Motta, E, et al. "Galloylquinic acid derivatives from Copaifera langsdorffii leaves display gastroprotective activity." Chem. Biol. Interact. 2017 Jan 5; 261: 145-155.
Gushiken, L., et al. "Skin wound healing potential and mechanisms of the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves and oleoresin of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. Kuntze in rats." Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2017; 2017: 6589270.
Furtado, R., et al. "Antiedematogenic evaluation of Copaifera langsdorffii leaves hydroethanolic extract and its major compounds." Biomed. Res. Int. 2015; 2015: 913152.
de Oliveira, R., et al. "Effect of the Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. leaf extract on the ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis in rats." Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2013; 2013: 131372.
Senedese, J., et al. "Chemopreventive effect of Copaifera langsdorffii leaves hydroalcoholic extract on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced DNA damage and preneoplastic lesions in rat colon." BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2013 Jan 7; 13: 3.
Brancalion, A., et al. "Effect of hydroalcoholic extract from Copaifera langsdorffii leaves on urolithiasis induced in rats." Urol Res. 2012 Oct; 40(5): 475-81.