Agricultural Research Service - ARS

Dr. Duke's
Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Chemicals and their Biological Activities in: Euphorbia tirucalli L. (Euphorbiaceae) -- Aveloz


Chemicals

12-O-(2Z)(4E)-OCTADIENOYL-4-DEOXYPHORBOL-13-ACETATE Latex Exudate: DUKE1992A
Irritant CRC

3,3'-DI-O-METHYL-ELLAGIC-ACID Stem: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.

CAOUTCHOUC Latex Exudate 28,000 - 38,000 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.

ELLAGIC-ACID Stem: DUKE1992A
Abortifacient 1.2 mg/kg ivn mus AFR27:172 ; ACE-Inhibitor IC50=5 mM/l; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=0.2 uM IC50=0.2 ug/ml (strong activity) CPB41:1469 ; Antianaphylactic AFR27:172 ; Antibacterial 1,250 ug/ml JNP59:987 ID50=20 ug/ml JAF48:5666 ; Anticariogenic JAF48:5666 ; Anticataract CPB37:2531 ; Antigingivitic 1,250 ug/ml JNP59:987 ; AntiHIV IC90=200 ug/ml JNP54:152 ; Antiinflammatory AFR27:172 ; Antimutagenic PCF:245 ; Antioxidant >50 x tocopherol PCF:142 IC98=30 ppm PCF:218 ; Antiperiodontic 1,250 ug/ml JNP59:987 ; Antiperoxidant IC50=29 uM PM57:A54 ; Antiplaque 1,250 ug/ml JNP59:987 ; Antiseptic JNP59:987 ; Antistreptococcic ID50=20 ug/ml JAF48:5666 ; Antithyroid JNM1:10 ; Antitumor DUKE1992B ; Antiviral EMP5:224 ; Astringent M29 ; Cancer-Preventive 3 ppm; Cytotoxic 4.6 ug/ml ACM:359 ; Deiodinase-Inhibitor JNM1:10 ; Detoxicant PAL:334 ; Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor ID50=20 ug/ml JAF48:5666 ; Hemostatic M11 ; Hepatoprotective IC55=30 ug/ml CPB38:2201 ; HIV-RT-Inhibitor EMP5:224 ; Juvabional 382 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 0.4 g/kg rat CAR17:821 ; Sunscreen 0.5% AllHerb1998 ; Topoisomerase-I-Antagonist JMF2:167 ; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=3.1 uM CPB38:1225

EUPHOL Latex Exudate: DUKE1992A
Abortifacient FT1990:483

EUPHORONE Latex Exudate: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.

HENTRIACONTANE Stem: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.

HENTRIACONTANOL Stem: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.

ISOEUPHORAL Latex Exudate: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.

KAMEPFEROL Plant: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.

MALIC-ACID Plant: DUKE1992A
Bacteristat DUKE1992B ; Bruchiphobe 382 ; Hemopoietic DUKE1992B ; Laxative? LRN-SEP91 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Sialogogue M29

SAPOGENIN-ACETATES Plant 1,000 ppm; DUKE1992A
No activity reported.

TARAXASTEROL Latex Exudate: DUKE1992A
Antiedemic PM60:516 ; Antiinflammatory 1/2 Indomethacin PM60:516

TARAXERIN Stem: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.

TIRUCALLOL Latex Exudate: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.

References

382: Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
ACM:359: Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 359.
AFR27:172: Jim Duke's personal files
AllHerb1998: AllHerb1998
CAR17:821: Ahn, D., Putt, D., Kresty, L., Stoner, G. D., Fromm, D., Hollenberg, P. F. 1996. The Effects of Dietary Ellagic Acid on Rat Hepatic and Esophageal Mucosal Cytochromes P450 and Phase II Enzymes. Carcinogenesis, 17(4): 821-828.
CPB37:2531: Shimizu, M., Horie, S., Terashima, S., Ueno, H., et al. 1989. Studies on Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Natural Products.II. Active Components of a Paraguayan Crude Drug "Para-parai mi," Phyllanthus niruri. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 37(9): 2531-2532, 1989.
CPB38:1225: Hatano, T., Yasuhara, T., Yoshihara, R., Agata, I., Noro, T., and Okuda, T. 1989. Effects of Interaction of Tannins with Co-existing Substances.VII. Inhibitory Effects of Tannins Related Polyphenols on Xanthine Oxidase. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(5): 1224-1229
CPB38:2201: Mayumi Ito (nee Someya), et al. 1990. Hepatoprotective Compounds from Canarium album and Euphorbia nematocypha. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2201-2203, 1990.
CPB41:1469: Shimizu, M., Zenko, Y., Tanaka, R., Matsuzawa, T., Morita, N. 1993. Studies on Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Natural Products. V. Active Components of Hachimi-jio-gan (Kampo Medicine). Chem Pharm Bull, 41(8): 1469-1471.
CRC: CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
DUKE1992A: Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
DUKE1992B: Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of biologically active phytochemicals and their activities. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
EMP5:224: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 224.
FT1990:483: Singla*, A.K. Pathak, K. 1989. Phytoconstituents of Euphorbia species. Fitoterapia 61(6): 483-508, 1990.
JAF48:5666: Jim Duke's personal files
JMF2:167: Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 167.1999.
JNM1:10: Jim Duke's personal files.
JNP54:152: Tan, G.T., Pezzuto, J.M., Kinghorn,* A.D., Hughes, S.H. Evaluation Of Natural Products As Inhibitors Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Reverse Transcriptase. Journal of Natural Products, 54(1): 143-154, 1991.
JNP59:987: Jim Duke's personal files
LRN-SEP91: Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-91.
M11: Merck 11th Edition
M29: Martindale's 29th
PAL:334: Jim Duke's personal files
PCF:142: Osawa, T. Phenolic Antioxidants in Dietary Plants as Antimutagens.Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.11 p.142.
PCF:218: Jim Duke's personal files
PCF:245: Jim Duke's personal files
PM57:A54: Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.
PM60:516: Jim Duke's personal files

Ubiquitous chemicals not included in analysis
ppm = parts per million
tr = trace

Phytochemical Database, USDA - ARS - NGRL, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland
Thu May 16 15:40:41 EDT 2002

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James A. Duke (E-Mail: JimDuke@cpcug.org)
or
Stephen M. Beckstrom-Sternberg (E-Mail: SteveBS@nhgri.nih.gov)

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