Dr. Duke's
Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Chemicals and their Biological Activities in: Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae) -- Bitterwood, Quassia

Chemicals

18-HYDROXYQUASSIN Wood: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

ALKALOIDS Wood 2,500 ppm; DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

BETA-SITOSTENONE Wood: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

CALCIUM-TARTRATE Root: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

GALLIC-ACID Root: DUKE1992A

ACE-Inhibitor IC50=7.7 mM/l; Analgesic FT63(3):195 ; Antiadenovirus EMP5:194 ; Antiallergenic IAA94:262 ; Antianaphylactic JBH ; Antiasthmatic W&B ; Antibacterial MIC=1,000 ug/ml FT65(2):185 ; Antibronchitic IAA94:262 ; Anticancer JAF47:397 ; Anticarcinomic ED50=3 DUKE1992B ; Antifibrinolytic EMP1:53 ; Antiflu EMP5:194 ; Antihepatotoxic PCF:93 ; Antiherpetic EC50=>10 ug/ml PCF:180 ; AntiHIV PCF:180 ; Antiinflammatory PM58(6):499 ; Antileishmanic EC50=4.4 ug/ml PR15:122 ; Antimutagenic EMP6:235 ; Antinitrosaminic AFR27:217 ; Antioxidant 7 x quercetin JAF47:397 IC44=33 ppm PCF:218 ; Antiperoxidant IC50=69 uM; Antipolio EMP5:194 ; Antiradicular 7 x quercetin JAF47:397 ; Antiseptic 411 ; Antistaphylococcic MIC=1,000 ug/ml FT65(2):185 ; Antitumor; Antitumor-Promoter JAF47:397 ; Antiviral; Apoptotic BO2 ; Astringent 411 ; Bacteristat PR4(5):198 ; Bronchodilator JBH ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Carcinogenic DUKE1992B ; Choleretic JBH ; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor RWG141 ; Floral-Inhibitor JBH ; Gram(+)icide JE42:95 ; Gram(-)icide JE42:95 ; Hemostat JE26:83 ; Immunomodulator PR15:122 ; Immunostimulant TEA ; Immunosuppressant; Insulin-Sparing JBH ; Myorelaxant JBH ; Nephrotoxic M29(P.779) ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Styptic DUKE1992B ; Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor BPB20:1017 ; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=24 uM CPB38:1225

ISOQUASSIN Wood: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

MALIC-ACID Root: DUKE1992A

Bacteristat DUKE1992B ; Bruchiphobe 382 ; Hemopoietic DUKE1992B ; Laxative? LRN-SEP91 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Sialogogue M29

NEOQUASSIN Wood: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

POTASSIUM-ACETATE Wood: DUKE1992A

FLavor FEMA 1-2 ARC

QUASSIN Wood 1,000 - 2,000 ppm DUKE1992A

Amebicide 100 ppm DUKE1992B ; Apertif DUKE1992B ; Emetic OMM ; Insecticide GMJ ; Pesticide DUKE1992B

QUASSINOL Wood: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

QUASSOL Wood: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

References

382: Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.

411: Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.

525: Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.

AFR27:217: Jim Duke's personal files

ARC: Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Note: Most ARC numerical data were in mg/dl. I know of no other plant where zinc is more prevalent than other minerals and protein. These data should be viewed as suspect.

BO2: Jim Duke's personal files

BPB20:1017: Hamada, S. I., Kataoka, T., Woo, J. T., Yamada, A., Yoshida, T., Nishimura, T., Otake, N., Nagai, K. 1997. Immunosuppressive Effects by Gallic Acid and Chebulagic Acid on CTL-Mediated Cytotoxicity. Biol Pharm Bull, 20: 1017-1019.

CPB38:1225: Hatano, T., Yasuhara, T., Yoshihara, R., Agata, I., Noro, T., and Okuda, T. 1989. Effects of Interaction of Tannins with Co-existing Substances.VII. Inhibitory Effects of Tannins Related Polyphenols on Xanthine Oxidase. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(5): 1224-1229

DUKE1992A: Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

DUKE1992B: Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of biologically active phytochemicals and their activities. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

EMP1:53: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.

EMP5:194: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.

EMP6:235: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.

FT63(3):195: Jim Duke's personal files

FT65(2):185: Jim Duke's personal files

GMJ: Grenand, P., Moretti, C., and Jacquemin, H. 1987. Pharmacopees Traditionnelles en Guyane. l'ORSTROM, Paris. 569 pp.

IAA94:262: Dorsch, W., Wagner, H. New Antiasthmatic Drugs from Traditional Medicine? Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 94: 262-265, 1991.

JAF47:397: Jim Duke's personal files

JBH: Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.

JE26:83: Jim Duke's personal files

JE42:95: Jim Duke's personal files

LRN-SEP91: Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-91.

M29: Martindale's 29th

M29(P.779): Martindale's 29th, p. 779.

OMM: Oriental Materia Medica (three volumes by Dr. Hsu and collaborators)

PCF:180: Jim Duke's personal files

PCF:218: Jim Duke's personal files

PCF:93: Okuda, T., Yoshida, T., and Hatano, T. Antioxidant Effects of Tannins and Related Polyphenols. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.7 p.93.

PM58(6):499: Kroes, B.H., et al. 1991. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Gallic Acid. Planta Medica, 58(6): 499.

PR15:122: Jim Duke's personal files

PR4(5):198: Lamikanra, A., Ogundaini, A.O., and Ogungbamila*, F.O. Antibacterial Constituents of Alchornea cordifolia Leaves. Phytotherapy Research 4(5): 198.

RWG141: Jim Duke's personal files

TEA: McKenna, D. J., Hughes, K., and Jones, K. 2000. Green Tea Monograph. Alternative Therapies, 6(3): 61-82.

W&B: Watt, J.M., and Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. 1962.

Please send questions and comments to:

Please send technical questions and comments to:

WebMaster (E-Mail: WebMaster@ars-grin.gov)

The USDA does not recommend self diagnosis or self medication. Please see the disclaimer for more information.