Dr. Duke's
Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
Chemicals and their Biological Activities in:
Theobroma cacao L. (Sterculiaceae) -- Cacao
Chemicals
- 24-METHYLENE-CYCLOARTANOL
Sprout Seedling:
DUKE1992A
-
Antirheumatic 2-5 mg/man DFN:160
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Hypocholesterolemic NR11:S120
- 3-ALPHA-L-ARABINOSIDYL-CYANIDIN
Flower:
DUKE1992A
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- 3-BETA-D-GALACTOSIDYL-CYANIDIN
Flower:
DUKE1992A
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- 4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXY-BENZOIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- ACETIC-ACID
Seed 1,520 - 7,100 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Acidulant JBH
; Antibacterial 5,000 ppm DUKE1992B
; Antiotitic MAR
; Antivaginitic 1-2% DUKE1992B
; Expectorant MAR
; Fungicide M29
; Keratitigenic M&R367
; Mucolytic M29
; Osteolytic DUKE1992B
; Perfumery FEMA 6,000-40,000 ppm ARC
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Protisticide M29
; Spermicide MAR
; Ulcerogenic HG20:9
; Verrucolytic DUKE1992B
- ALANINE
Seed 10,400 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Antioxidant PC27:969
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Oxidant PC27:969
- ALKALOIDS
Seed 33,900 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- ALPHA-SITOSTEROL
Sprout Seedling:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- ALPHA-THEOSTEROL
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- AMYL-ACETATE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- AMYL-ALCOHOL
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
FLavor FEMA 35-3,500 ppm ARC
- AMYL-BUTYRATE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
FLavor FEMA 70-800 ARC
- AMYLASE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Sedative DUKE1992B
- APIGENIN-7-O-GLUCOSIDE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
Anticomplementary MSC'96
; Antiinflammatory MSC'96
- ARABINOSE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- ARACHIDIC-ACID
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- ARGININE
Seed 800 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Antidiabetic? WIC
; Antiencephalopathic M29
; Antihepatitic M29
; Antiimpotence JMF1(3)
; Antiinfertility 4 g/day WER
; Antioxidant? PC27:976
; Aphrodisiac 3 g/day; Diuretic BJP3:10
; Hypoammonemic JBH
; NO-Genic JMF1(3)
; Pituitary-Stimulant PJB1(2):260
; Spermigenic 4 g/day WER
- ASCORBIC-ACID
Fruit 30 - 70 ppm JCB
Seed 31 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Acidulant FEMA 6,000 ARC
; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor SYN-X
; Analgesic 5-10 g day; Antiaggregant SYN-X
; Antiaging 2,000 mg/day SYN-X
400 mg/day; Antiarthritic 1 g day WER
; Antiasthmatic 1,000 mg/day WER
; Antiatherosclerotic PAM
; Antibacterial DAS
; Anticataract 350 mg/day WER
400 mg/day SYN-X
; Anticold 1-2 g/man/day MAR
; AntiCrohn's 50-100 mg/day/orl/man M29
; Antidecubitic 500 mg/man/2x/day MAR
; Antidepressant 2,000 mg/day WER
; Antidiabetic SYN-X
; Antidote (Aluminum) EMP6:189
; Antidote (Cadmium) DAS
; Antidote (Lead) DAS
; Antidote (Paraquat) MAR
; Antieczemic 3.5-5 g/day WER
; Antiedemic 1 g/man/day DAS
; Antiencephalitic DAS
; Antigingivitic PAM
; Antiglaucomic 2 g/day WER
; Antihemorrhagic 1 g/man/day DAS
; Antihepatitic 2-6 g/man/day DAS
; Antihepatotoxic EMP6:189
; Antiherpetic 1-5 g/day WER
; Antihistaminic 2 g/day orl man; Antiinfertility 1 g/day WER
; Antiinflammatory PAM
; Antilepric 1.5 g/man/day MAR
; Antimeasles DAS
; Antimigraine M29
; Antimutagenic EMP6:235
; Antinitrosic 1 g/man/day MAR
; Antiobesity 1 g 3 x day WER
; Antiorchitic DAS
; Antiosteoarthritic 1 g 2 x day WER
; Antiosteoporotic 500 mg day; Antioxidant 100 ppm DUKE1992B
; Antiparkinsonian 1 g 2 x day WER
; Antiparotitic DAS
; Antiperiodontitic WER
; Antipneumonic PAM
; Antipodriac DAS
; Antipoliomyelitic DAS
; Antipyretic EMP6:189
; Antiradicular SYN-X
; Antiscorbutic 10 mg/man/day MAR
; Antiseptic 4-8 g/day SYN-X
MIC=3.3-217 mg/ml MAR
; Antishingles DAS
; Antisyndrome-X 1-4 g/day SYN-X
; Antitumor (Lung) NR54:S71
; Antiulcer WER
; Antiviral 1-5 g/day; Apoptotic 1-10 mM BO2
; Asthma-preventive 1,000 mg/day/orl PAM
; Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor 1.5 g/day/man BO2
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Cold-preventive 1-2 g/day DAS
; Collagenic BO2
; Detoxicant DUKE1992B
; Diuretic 700 mg/man/orl DUKE1992B
; Fistula-Preventive PAM
; Hypocholesterolemic 300-1,000 mg/day DAS
; Hypoglycemic SYN-X
; Hypotensive 1,000 mg/man/day SNE137:292
; Immunostimulant SYN-X
; Interferonogenic PAM
; Lithogenic DAS
; Mucolytic 1 g/woman/day MAR
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Uricosuric 4 g/man/day DAS
; Urinary-Acidulant M29
; Vulnerary PAM
- ASCORBIC-ACID-OXIDASE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- ASH
Fruit 38,000 - 90,475 ppm JCB
-
No activity reported.
- ASPARIGINASE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- BETA-CAROTENE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
Allergenic M&R610
; Androgenic? PAM
; Antiacne PAM
; Antiaging DUKE1992B
; Antiasthmatic PAM
; Anticancer JNU
; Anticarcinomic PAM
; Anticoronary 50 mg/man/2 days CMR3/4/91:16
; Antihyperkeratotic; Antiichythyotic PAM
; Antileukoplakic PAM
; Antilupus 150 mg/man/day/2 mos MAR
; Antimastitic PAM
; Antimutagenic EMP6:235
; Antioxidant PAM
; Antiozenic DUKE1992B
; Antiphotophobic 30-300 mg man/day M29
; Antipityriasic PAM
; AntiPMS JAFC34:409
; Antiporphyric 30-300 mg/man/day MAR
; Antiproliferant JNU
; Antipsoriac PAM
; Antiradicular PAM
; Antistress DAS
; Antitumor HSC25:1495
; Antiulcer 12 mg/3x/day/man/orl PAM
; Antixerophthalmic DAS
; Cancer-Preventive 22 ppm 505
; Colorant JBH
; Immunostimulant 180 mg/man/day/orl PAM
; Interferon-Synergist PJB1(2):264
; Mucogenic PAM
; Phagocytotic PAM
; Prooxidant 20 ug/g JAF44:2096
; Thymoprotective PAM
; Ubiquiot JBH
- BETA-SITOSTEROL
Sprout Seedling:
DUKE1992A
-
Androgenic DUKE1992B
; Anorexic MAR
; Antiadenomic M11
; Antiandrogenic JE28:221
; Antibacterial QJC28:155
; Anticancer (Breast) PS131:95
; Antiedemic IC54=320 mg/kg orl DFN:160
; Antiestrogenic JE28:221
; Antifeedant 382
; Antifertility JE28:221
; Antigonadotrophic JE28:221
; Antihyperlipoproteinaemic JBH
; Antiinflammatory; Antileukemic PJB1(2):287
; Antilymphomic PJB1(2):287
; Antimutagenic 250 ug/mL JAFC37:1365
; Antiophidic 2.3 mg mus EMP5:363
; Antiprogestational JE28:221
; Antiprostaglandin 30 mg/day/12 wks FT68(4):291
; Antiprostatadenomic M11
; Antiprostatitic 10-20 mg/3 x/day/orl man; Antitumor (Breast) PS131:95
; Antitumor (Cervix) PJB1(2):287
; Antitumor (Lung) PJB1(2):287
; Antiviral PS75:161
; Artemicide LC50=110 ppm PC29(5):1667
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Candidicide QJC28:155
; Estrogenic DUKE1992B
; Gonadotrophic JE28:221
; Hepatoprotective PMP23:60
; Hypocholesterolemic 2-6 g/man/day/orl M30
9-3,330 mg/man/day/orl MAR
; Hypoglycemic JE27:243
; Hypolipidemic 2-6 g/day; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Spermicide JE28:221
; Ubiquiot JBH
; Ulcerogenic 500 mg/kg ipr rat FT63(1):3
- BETA-THEOSTEROL
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- BIOTIN
Sprout Seedling:
DUKE1992A
-
Antialopecic JLR1(2)
; Antidermatitic 3 mg/2x/day PAM
; Antineuralgic JN127:710
; Antiseborrheic PAM
- CAFFEIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml (weak activity) SKN43:99
; Allergenic M&R317
; Analgesic PMP23:51
; Antiadenoviral EMP5:207
; Antiaggregant JBH
; Antibacterial PAM
; Anticancer JAF47:397
; Anticarcinogenic EMP6:189
; Antiedemic EMP6:189
; Antielastase IC50=93 um/l PMID11199135
; Antiflu EMP5:207
; Antigonadotropic JNM1:10
; Antihemolytic 25 uM PC36:579
; Antihepatoadenomic 200 ppm diet orl mus ACS661:230
; Antihepatotoxic PM56:173
; Antiherpetic 50 ug/ml EC50=>50 ug/ml POP:270
; Antihistaminic DUKE1992B
; AntiHIV EC50=200 ug/ml; Antihypercholesterolemic EMP6:189
; Antiinflammatory JBH
; Antileukotriene DUKE1992B
; Antimutagenic PCF:18
; Antinitrosaminic PCF:18
; Antiophidic FT65(2):101
; Antioxidant 1.3 x Vit. E BO2
1/3 quercetin JAF47:397
30 mM JAF48:235
50 um PC27:973
IC57=30 ppm PCF:221
; Antiperoxidant IC50=44 uM PM57:A54
; Antiprostaglandin PJB1(1):169
; Antiradicular 1/3 quercetin JAF47:397
10 uM PC36:579
30 mM JAF48:235
; Antiseptic JE26:76
; Antispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM PR4:73
; Antistomatitic EMP5:207
; Antisunburn PM61:510
; Antithiamin PCF:69
; Antithyroid JNM1:10
; Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl mus; Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM CR48:5941
; Antiulcerogenic; Antivaccinia EMP5:207
; Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/ml; Calcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbt K16299
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Carcinogenic 2% (diet) PCF:39,277
; Cholagogue WIC
; Choleretic 411
; Clastogenic JBH
; CNS-Active WIC
; Co-carcinogenic PCF:44
; Collagen-Sparing PM61:510
; Cytoprotective CAN
; Cytotoxic TC50=200 ug/ml POP:270
; Diuretic WIC
; DNA-Active JBH
; Fungicide MIC=0.4 mg/ml; Hepatocarcinogenic 400 ppm diet orl mus (in the absence of alcohol) ACS661:230
; Hepatoprotective ACM:210
; Hepatotropic DUKE1992B
; Immunostimulant PPL7:187
; Insectifuge EB48:111
; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC27=5 mM JAF38:688
IC50=62-148 uM JAF44:2057
; Lyase-Inhibitor IC50=94-164 uM JAF44:2057
; Metal-Chelator PCF:25
; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor PCF:19
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Prooxidant JAFC45:632
; Prostaglandigenic RWG27
; Sedative 500 mg RWG17
; Sunscreen IC50=2.5 mg/l FT64:134
IC91=5 mg/l FT64:134
IC98=25 mg/l FT64:134
; Tumorigenic 505
; Vulnerary JE26:76
; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39.21 um MAB
- CAFFEINE
Petiole 51 - 525 ppm JAF39:1941
Seed 500 - 12,900 ppm GMJ
WOI
Testa 130 - 723 ppm JAF39:1941
-
Adenosine-Antagonist TEA
; Analeptic 200 scu mus BBE
; Analgesic-Synergist PJB1(2):263
; Antiapneic M29
; Antiapoptotic BOI
; Antiasthmatic 5-10 mg/kg orl/man M29
; Anticarcinogenic PCF:305
; Anticariogenic JD23:101
; Antidermatitic M29
; Antiemetic 411
; Antifeedant 382
; Antiflu EMP5:198
; Antiherpetic EMP5:201
; Antihypotensive 250 mg/day/orl/man M29
; Antinarcotic 411
; Antiobesity PCF:305
; Antioxidant PC27:974
; Antirhinitic 140 mg/day/orl/man M29
; Antiserotonergic 40 ipr rat BBE
40 scu rat BBE
; Antitumor PCF:305
; Antitumor (Lung) NR54:S71
; Antivaccinia EMP5:201
; Antiviral V&D
; Apoptotic BOI
; cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor PAM
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Cardiotonic 10-25 orl dog BBE
65-500 orl cat BBE
; Catabolic ABS
; cGMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor PAM
; Choleretic DUKE1992B
; CNS-Stimulant 100 orl mus 30 orl rat; Coronary-Dilator TEA
; Diuretic; Energizer 20-200 mg/man JAM272:1043
; Ergotamine-Enhancer M29
; FLavor FEMA 125 ARC
; Herbicide 500
; Hypertensive; Hypoglycemic EMP6:168
; Insecticide 382
; Myorelaxant TEA
; Neurotoxic RJH
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor PJB1(2):263
; Pyrogenic 13.3 mg/kg ipr rbt EJP45:389
15 mg/kg ipr cat EJP45:389
60 mg/day oral hmn ALG51:189
; Respirastimulant; Stimulant RJH
; Teratogenic 14 orl rat BBE
; Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor 0.1 nM JEM168:129
75 uM TCM10:41
; Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor 99 mM TCM10:41
; Vasodilator DUKE1992B
- CALCIUM
Fruit 1,300 - 3,095 ppm JCB
Seed 800 - 1,100 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiallergic 500 mg/day; Antianxiety DAS
; Antiatherosclerotic WER
; Antidepressant DAS
; Antidote (Aluminum) DAS
; Antidote (Lead) DAS
; Antihyperkinetic DAS
; Antiinsomniac DAS
; Antiosteoporotic 500 mg day WER
; Antiperiodontitic 750 mg day WER
; AntiPMS 1 g day WER
; Antitic DAS
; Hypocholesterolemic 500 mg day WER
; Hypotensive 1 g/day WER
- CAMPESTEROL
Sprout Seedling:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- CARBOHYDRATES
Fruit 343,000 - 816,665 ppm JCB
Seed 347,000 - 445,000 ppm DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- CATALASE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Antioxidant 505
- CATECHINS
Seed 30,000 - 35,000 ppm DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- CATECHOL
Plant:
GMJ
-
Allelochemic IC50=0.65 mM 438
; Allergenic M&R
; Anticancer (Breast) PS131:95
; Antigonadotropic DUKE1992B
; Antioxidant 505
; Antiseptic JBH
; Antistomatitic EMP5:197
; Antithiamin PCF:69
; Antithyreotropic PM551:1986
; Antiviral EMP5:197
; Cancer-Preventive DUKE1992B
; Carcinogenic 0.8% diet 505
2% diet PCF:35
; Co-carcinogenic PCF:44
; Convulsant JBH
; Dermatitigenic JBH
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Quinone-Reductase-Inducer PS131:95
; Tumor-Promoter <0.2% diet 505
- CELLULASE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- CELLULOSE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
Hemostat M29
- CHLORIDE
Seed 120 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- CHLOROGENIC-ACID
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=1.8 uM rat (strong activity) CPB47:340
; Allelochemic SN149:389
; Allergenic; Analgesic PMP23:51
; Antibacterial JE26:81
; Anticancer (Colon) PAL:335
; Anticancer (Forestomach) PAL:335
; Anticancer (Liver) PAL:335
; Anticancer (Skin) PAL:335
; Anticarcinogenic JAF45:1523
; AntiEBV EMP6:189
; Antifeedant 382
; Antigenotoxic JAF45:1523
; Antigonadotropic JNM1:10
; Antihemolytic 10 uM PC36:579
; Antihepatotoxic PM56(2):173
; Antiherpetic EMP5:194
; Antihistaminic DUKE1992B
; AntiHIV EMP6:189
; Antihypercholesterolemic EMP6:189
; Antiinflammatory PCF:19
; Antileukotriene DUKE1992B
; Antimutagenic PCF:245
; Antinitrosaminic; Antioxidant IC53=200 ppm PCF:21
IC80=12 uM PC27:973
; Antiperoxidant IC50=36 uM PM57:A54
; Antipolio V&E
; Antiradicular 10 uM PC36:579
9 x quercetin JAF47:397
; Antiseptic PMP23:51
; Antisunburn PM61:510
; Antithyroid JNM1:10
; Antitumor JBH
; Antitumor (Colon) PAL:335
; Antitumor (Forestomach) PAL:335
; Antitumor (Liver) PAL:335
; Antitumor (Skin) PAL:335
; Antitumor-Promoter IC25=10 uM CR48:5941
; Antiulcer EMP6:189
; Antiviral V&D
; Autotoxic JCE26:315
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Cholagogue WIC
; Choleretic KCH
; Clastogenic JAF38:805
; CNS-Active WIC
; CNS-Stimulant 1/6 Caffeine; Collagen-Sparing PM61:510
; Diuretic; Fungicide NIG
; Hepatoprotective KCH
; Immunostimulant EMP1:124
; Insectifuge EB48:111
; Interferonogenic EMP1:124
; Juvabional 382
; Larvistat JBH
; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC23=5 mM JAF38:688
; Metal-Chelator PCF:25
; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor PCF:19
; Oviposition-Stimulant JBH
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Sunscreen PM61:510
; Sweetener LAF
; Vulnerary CAN210
- CHOLESTEROL
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- CHRYSOERIOL-7-O-GLUCOSIDE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
Anticomplementary MSC'96
- CITRIC-ACID
Seed 4,500 - 7,500 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Allergenic M&R610
; Antiaphthic 20,000 ppm MAR
; Anticalculic JE26:81
; Anticoagulant M11
; Antimutagenic EMP6:235
; Antioxidant Synergist M11
; Antiseborrheic LRN-JUN89
; Antitumor DUKE1992B
; Disinfectant M29
; FLavor FEMA 370-4,400 ARC
; Hemostat JE26:81
; Irritant ZEB
; Laxative? LRN-SEP91
; Litholytic M29
; Odontolytic ZEB
; Refrigerant MAR
- COPPER
Seed 24 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Antiarthritic DAS
; Antidiabetic 2-4 mg/day WER
; Antiinflammatory WER
; Antinociceptive WER
; Contraceptive MAR
; Hypocholesterolemic DAS
; Schizophrenigenic DAS
- COUMARIN
Seed:
GMJ
-
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 10 ug/ml cow (weak activity, 11% inhibition) CPB43:1385
; Allelochemic IC100=2 mM 438
; Analgesic ZEB
; Antiaggregant DUKE1992B
; Antiandrogenic PM56(6):671
; Antibrucellosic JPP42:194
; Anticancer (Kidney) 400-7,000 mg/day MAB
; Anticancer (Prostate) MAB
; Antidiuretic CAN117
; Antiedemic CPB38:2283
; Antiesherichic JBH
; Antiinflammatory CPB38:2283
; Antilymphedemic MAB
; Antimelanomic 50 mg/day; Antimetastatic 50 mg/man/day MAB
; Antimitotic IJP33:7
; Antimononuccleotic MAB
; Antimutagenic EMP6:235
; Antimycoplasmotic MAB
; Antipsittacotic MAB
; Antipsoriac IJP33:7
; Antitoxoplasmotic MAB
; Antitumor 50 mg/day; Antitumor (GI) JAR9(4):182
; Antitumor (Kidney) 400-7,000 mg/day MAB
; Antitumor (Prostate) MAB
; Bacteristat JBH
; Bruchiphobe DUKE1992B
; Cancer-Preventive 5-25 ug/ml PM1987:526
; Carcinogenic 200 mg/kg orl mus MAB
; Cardiodepressant FEL
; Cardiotonic FEL
; Chemopreventive JAR9(4):182
; DME-Inhibitor IC50=57.5 uM ACM:134
; Emetic DUKE1992B
; Estrogenic CAN
; Fungicide JBH
; Hemorrhagic JBH
; Hepatotoxic 0.8-1.71 mM/kg orl rat 100 mg/kg dog ARO95:21
2,500 ppm diet ARO95:21
; Hypnotic EB44:68.1990
; Hypoglycemic 250-1,000 mg/kg orl EMP6:165
; Immunostimulant; Juvabional 382
; Larvistat JBH
; Lymphocytogenic 100 mg/day JPP42:194
; Lymphokinetic PH2
; Narcotic FEL
; Ovicide DUKE1992B
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Phagocytotic PM56(6):671
; Piscicide JBH
; Rodenticide JBH
; Sedative EB44:68.1990
- CYANIDIN
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
Allelochemic IC90=1 mM 438
; Antioxidant 4.4 x Vit. E BO2
JJP40:138
; Metal-Chelator (Copper) JAC45:3362
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Pigment JBH
; Prooxidant JAC45:3362
- CYANIDIN-3-BETA-L-ARABINOSIDE
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- CYANIDIN-3-GALACTOSIDE
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- CYANIDIN-GLYCOSIDE
Seed 4,000 - 5,000 ppm DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- CYCLOARTANOL
Sprout Seedling:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- D-GALACTOSE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- DECARBOXYLASE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- DEXTRINASE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- DIACETYL
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
FLavor FEMA 3-50 ARC
- DOPAMINE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Adrenergic DUKE1992B
; Antilactagogue DUKE1992B
; Antimyocontractant DUKE1992B
; Antineurogenic JPP42:131
; Antiparkinsonian DUKE1992B
; Antiprolactin CAN
; Antishock M29
; Antithyreotropic DUKE1992B
; Cardiotonic M11
; Diuretic PM63:237
; Hypertensive GMJ
; Inotropic M29
; Myocontractant 10 uM JPP42:732
; Natriuretic PM63:237
; Neurotransmitter M29
; Priapistic JAD
; Sympathomimetic M29
; Teratogenic CRC
; Vasoconstrictor M29
; Vasodilator M29
- EO
Plant 10 ppm;
WOI
-
No activity reported.
- EPICATECHIN
Leaf:
GMJ
-
Allelochemic IC100=1 mM 438
; Antiaggregant IC94=200 ug/ml PR13:597
; Antianaphylactic; Antibacterial MIC=>1,000 ug/ml; Anticomplementary 1/2 aspirin PM57:A48
; Antidiabetic 30 mg/kg rat; AntiEBV EMP6:189
; Antihepatitic V&D
; AntiHIV EC50=2 ug/ml POP:270
; Antihyperglycemic; Antiinflammatory; Antileukemic IC50=>10 ug/ml; Antilipoperoxidant PR13:597
; Antimutagenic; Antioxidant 2.5 x Vit. E BO2
IC50=6.3 ug/ml CPB38:1049
; Antiperoxidant JBH
; Antiviral; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Cardiotonic DUKE1992B
; Choline-Sparing AFR27:149
; Hepatotropic DUKE1992B
; Hypocholesterolemic AFR27:149
; Hypoglycemic DUKE1992B
; Insulinogenic EMP6:170
; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=140 uM PCF
IC97=5 mM JAF38:688
; Pancreatogenic DUKE1992B
; Peroxynitrite-Scavenger IC50=0.181 ug/ml JAF48:5768
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Propecic PH2
; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=>40
- EPIGALLOCATECHIN
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Antimutagenic EMP6:235
; Antioxidant IC50=1.4 ug/ml CPB38:1049
; Antiradicular PCF:96
; Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocker 10 uM PC44:441
; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=21 uM PCF
; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=>40 CPB38:1225
- ERGOSTEROL
Seed:
GMJ
-
Antiflu JNP67:344
; Antiviral JNP67:344
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
- ESCULETIN
Seed:
GMJ
-
5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=0.1-5 uM; Analgesic PMP24:107
; Antiarrhythmic DUKE1992B
; Antiasthmatic? PMP24:107
; Antibacterial JBH
; Anticapillary-Fragility WIC
; Antidysenteric HG24:37
; Antiinflammatory; Antimutagenic EMP6:235
; Antipyretic FT67:483
; Antiseptic JE39:205
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Cardiodepressant DUKE1992B
; Choleretic FT5:1986
; Cosmetic FT67:483
; Cytotoxic MAB
; Dermatitigenic WIC
; Fungicide; Hypertensive CCO
; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor; Musculotropic WIC
; Myorelaxant WOI
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Sunscreen IC100=50 mg/l FT64:134
IC98=20 mg/l FT64:134
; UV-Screen WIC
; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC52=10 uM AJC24:11
- FAT
Fruit 44,000 - 104,760 ppm JCB
Seed 371,000 - 582,300 ppm DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- FERULIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Allelopathic JCE17:865
; Analgesic ACM:69
; Antiaggregant CPB38:1620
; Antiallergic LAF
; Antiarrhythmic PJB1(2):270
; Antibacterial JBH
; Anticancer (Colon) PAL:335
; Anticancer (Forestomach) PAL:335
; Anticancer (Liver) PAL:335
; Anticancer (Skin) PAL:335
; Anticarcinogenic JAF45:661
; Antidysmenorrheic CPB38:1623
; Antiestrogenic JBH
; Antihepatotoxic JBH
; Antiherpetic JAR10:7
; Antiinflammatory PCF:19
; Antimitotic JBH
; Antimutagenic PCF:18
; Antineoplastic (Stomach) NR11:S120
; Antinitrosaminic PCF:18
; Antioxidant 3,000 uM PC27:973
IC51=200 ppm PCF:221
; Antiserotonin JBH
; Antispasmodic LAF
; Antithrombic LAF
; Antitumor JBH
; Antitumor (Colon) PAL:335
; Antitumor (Forestomach) PAL:335
; Antitumor (Liver) PAL:335
; Antitumor (Skin) PAL:335
; Antitumor-Promoter IC46=10 uM CR48:5941
; Antiviral V&D
; Arteriodilator CPB38:1620
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Candidicide JBH
; Cardiac CPB38:1620
; Cholagogue PHZ46:156
; Choleretic 411
; Fungicide NIG
; Hepatoprotective MAB
; Hepatotropic DUKE1992B
; Herbicide AB68:195
; Hydrocholerectic JBH
; Hypolipidemic NR11:S120
; Immunostimulant EMP1:124
; Insectifuge EB48:111
; Metal-Chelator PCF:25
; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor PCF:19
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Phagocytotic; Preservative M11
; Prostaglandigenic RWG27
; Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 0.58-3.2 mM YHH25:412
; Sunscreen CMR9/10/92
; Uterosedative 30-100 mg/kg ivn rat CPB38:1620
- FIBER
Fruit 43,000 - 102,380 ppm JCB
Seed 59,000 - 89,000 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antidiabetic DUKE1992B
; Antiobesity DUKE1992B
; Antitumor PAM
; Antiulcer PAM
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Cardioprotective DUKE1992B
; Hypocholesterolemic DUKE1992B
; Hypotensive 10 g/man/day/orl PAM
; Laxative DUKE1992B
- FORMIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Antiseptic DUKE1992B
; Antisyncopic DUKE1992B
; Astringent M11
; Corrosive ARC
; Counterirritant M11
; FLavor FEMA 500-2,500 ARC
; Fungistat JBH
; Irritant M&R670
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Preservative ARC
; Toxic JBH
- FRUCTOSE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
Antialcoholic JBH
; Antidiabetic JBH
; Antihangover DUKE1992B
; Antiketotic M11
; Antinauseant JBH
; Laxative AJC62:1212
; Neoplastic CRC
; Sweetener 2 x glucose JBH
- FURFUROL
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- GALACTURONIC-ACID
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- GALLOCATECHIN
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- GENTISIC-ACID
Leaf:
GMJ
-
Analgesic M11
; Antibacterial JBH
; Antifeedant DUKE1992B
; Antiinflammatory M11
; Antirheumatic GMJ
; Antiviral JBH
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
- GLUCOSE
Seed 3,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Acetylcholinergic DUKE1992B
; Antiedemic JBH
; Antihepatotoxic M11
; Antiketotic M11
; Antivaricose JBH
; Hyperglycemic M11
; Memory-Enhancer SN138:189.1990
- GLUTAMIC-ACID
Seed 10,200 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Antialkali? 500-1,000 mg/day/orl/man M29
; Antiepileptic DUKE1992B
; Antihyperammonemic M29
; Antilithic PAM
; Antiprostatitic 125-250 mg 3 x day WER
; Antiretardation JBH
; Anxiolytic M11
; Neurotoxic JBH
- GLYCERIN
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
FLavor FEMA 500-400,000 ARC
- GLYCEROPHOSPHATASE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- GLYCINE
Seed 900 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Antiacid M29
; Antialdosteronic PAM
; Antidote (Hypoglycin-A) M29
; Antiencephalopathic M29
; Antigastritic M29
; Antiprostatitic 125-250 mg 3 x day WER
; Antipruritic M11
; Antisickling PM56(1):41
; Antiulcer M29
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Neuroinhibitor WER
; Uricosuric DUKE1992B
- GLYCOLIC-ACID
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
Cholesterolytic DUKE1992B
; Diuretic PED
; Hepatotonic FT5:1986
; Irritant M11
- GLYCOSIDASE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- HAEMATIN
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- HAEMIN
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- HISTIDINE
Seed 800 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Antiarteriosclerotic JE26:80
; Antinephritic JBH
; Antioxidant PC27:976
; Antiulcer JE26:80
; Antiuremic JBH
; Essential JBH
; Oxidant PC27:976
- I-BUTYRIC-ACID
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- IDAEIN
Flower:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- INVERTASE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- IRON
Seed 36 - 37 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiakathisic M29
; Antianemic M29
; Anticheilitic DAS
; Antimenorrhagic 100 mg/day/wmn/orl PAM
- IRON-OXIDE
Seed 40 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- ISOBUTYL-ACETATE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Irritant ZEB
; Narcotic ZEB
; Perfumery Fragrance ZEB
- ISOLEUCINE
Seed 5,600 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Antiencephalopathic? M29
; Antipellagric MAR
; Essential JBH
- ISOPROPYL-ACETATE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
FLavor FEMA 20-80 ARC
; Perfumery ARC
- ISOVITEXIN
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
ACE-Inhibitor IC50=0.28 mM/l M20461
; Antioxidant =tocopherol PCF:132
>BHA NIG
; Cancer-Preventive 525
- KAEMPFEROL
Leaf:
GMJ
-
11B-HSD-Inhibitor CPT59:62
; 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM)=20; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uM JBC8:211
; Antiaggregant 30 uM; Antiallergic RWG122
; Antibacterial 20 ug/ml; Anticancer JAF47:397
; Antifertility 250 mg/kg day/60 days/orl rat PMP23:193
; Antigingivitic 20 ug/ml JNP59:987
; Antihistaminic 411
; Antiimplantation JE32:175
; Antiinflammatory 20 mg/kg DUKE1992B
200 mg/kg ipr rat DUKE1992B
; Antileukemic IC50=3.1 ug/ml LS55:1061
; Antilymphocytic JBH
; Antimutagenic ID50=10-40 nM PCF
; Antioxidant IC50=40 uM PC27:972
; Antiperiodontic 20 ug/ml JNP59:987
; Antiplaque JNP59:987
; Antiradicular 7 x quercetin; Antiseptic 20 ug/ml JNP59:987
; Antiserotonin 200 mg/kg ipr rat FT63(1):3
; Antispasmodic 411
; Antitumor JAF47:397
; Antitumor-Promoter CPB38:774
; Antiulcer 50-200 mg/kg ipr rat; Antiviral; Apoptotic 60 uM PMID10673981
; Aromatase-Inhibitor IC12=1 uM/l JMF2:235
; cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor AFR27:180
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Carcinogenic ZUL
; Choleretic LAF
; COX-2-Inhibitor COX:50
; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM) =20; Diaphoretic? LRN-DEC90
; Diuretic BJP3:10
; Estrogenic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l JMF2:227
EC50=0.56 uM PMID10923837
; HIV-RT-Inhibitor IC50=50-150 ug/ml JNP54:142
; Hypotensive FT1990:508
; Inotropic PMID10404425
; Iodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor JBH
; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor JBH
; MAO-Inhibitor PMID10813558
; Mutagenic JBH
; Natriuretic BJP3:10
; Neuroprotective PMID10813558
; PAF-Inhibitor FT67:548
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Protisticide PR13:102
; Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 3 uM; Teratologic DUKE1992B
; Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor TIH14:223
; Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=8.1 ug/ml JNP58:217
; Uterotrophic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l JMF2:227
; Vasodilator JAFC48:220
- KILOCALORIES
Fruit 531 - 5,310 /kg JCB
-
No activity reported.
- L-EPICATECHIN
Flower 27,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
Seed 27,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- LACTIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Acidulant JBH
; Antileukorrheic M29
; Antioxidant Synergist JBH
; Antivaginitic M29
; Antixerotic M29
; FLavor FEMA 10-25,000 ARC
; Irritant ZEB
; Keratolytic MAR
- LEUCINE
Plant 4,500 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Antiencephalopathic M29
; Essential JBH
- LEUCOCYANIDINS
Seed 14,000 - 35,000 ppm DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- LINALOL
Seed 5 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- LINOLEIC-ACID
Plant 10,700 - 12,230 ppm DUKE1992A
-
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor PMID10830511
; Antianaphylactic EMP6:189
; Antiarteriosclerotic JE26:80
; Antiarthritic EMP6:189
; Anticoronary JBH
; Antieczemic EMP6:189
; Antifibrinolytic EMP1:53
; Antigranular DUKE1992B
; Antihistaminic EMP6:189
; Antiinflammatory IC50=31 uM; Antileukotriene-D4 POP:153
; Antimenorrhagic PAM
; AntiMS EMP6:189
; Antiprostatitic PAM
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Carcinogenic SN146:421
; Hepatoprotective DUKE1992B
; Hypocholesterolemic GAS
; Immunomodulator EMP6:189
; Insectifuge 382
; Metastatic SN146:421
; Nematicide NIG
- LIPASE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- LUTEOLIN
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor EC=3 ppm FT64:131
IC50=0.45 uM rat; Antibacterial MIC=500 ug/ml PM57:A43
; Anticarcinogenic JAF48:235
; Anticataract EC=3 ppm FT64:131
; Anticomplementary MSC'96
; Antidermatic BIS
; Antifeedant IC52=<1,000 ppm diet 438
; Antiherpetic EMP5:197
; Antihistaminic <10-15 uM; AntiHIV JNP60(9):884
; Antiinflammatory =indomethacin WIC
; Antileukemic 20-50 uM BO2
; Antimutagenic ID50=2-5 nM; Antioxidant 411
; Antipolio EMP5:197
; Antispasmodic 411
; Antitumor 1-50 uM BO2
; Antitumor (Skin) 20 uM BO2
; Antitumor (Thyroid) 12-50 uM BO2
; Antitussive DUKE1992B
; Antiviral EMP5:197
; Aphidifuge JAF45:4505
; Apoptotic BO2
; Aromatase-Inhibitor IC35=1 uM/l JMF2:235
; Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor IC50=~40 uM BO2
; Calcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbt K16299
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Choleretic DUKE1992B
; Cytotoxic 1-50 uM BO2
; Deiodinase-Inhibitor JNM1:10
; Differentiator IC>40=40 uM BO2
; Diuretic PT5:1986
; Estrogenic 58% genistein; Hepatoprotective FT66:400
; Hyaluronidase-Inhibitor IC50+=100-250 uM BO2
; Iodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor JBH
; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor JAF49:3106
; MMP-9-Inhibitor 20 uM BO2
; Myorelaxant AYL-84
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Prostaglandin-Synthetase-Inhibitor JAF49:3106
; Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor IC70=50 uM BO2
; PTK-Inhibitor 10-100 uM; Succinoxidase-Inhibitor JBH
; Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor TIH14:223
; Vasodilator JAFC48:220
; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=0.11 ug/ml CPB38:1772
- LUTEOLIN-7-O-GLUCOSIDE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
Anticomplementary MSC'96
- LYSINE
Seed 800 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Antialkalotic M29
; Antiherpetic 0.5-3 g/day; Essential JBH
; Hypoarginanemic 250 mg/kg M29
- LYSOPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- MALEIC-ACID
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- MANNAN
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- MANNINOTRIOSE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- MANNOSE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Anticystitic 0.25-1 tsp 3-4 x/day orl man A&C3:269
- MELIBIOSE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- MESO-INOSITOL
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- METHYL-HEPTENONE
Seed:
GMJ
-
No activity reported.
- N-BUTYLACETATE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
FLavor FEMA 30-240 ARC
- N-NONACOSANE
Seed:
GMJ
-
Antimutagenic EMP6:235
- NIACIN
Fruit 19 - 45 ppm JCB
Seed 17 - 18 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Allergenic WER
; Antiacrodynic DUKE1992B
; Antiallergic 50 mg/2x/day WER
; Antiamblyopic DUKE1992B
; Antianginal DUKE1992B
; Antichilblain JBH
; Anticonvulsant 3 g/day WER
; Antidermatitic DAS
; Antidysphagic DUKE1992B
; Antiepileptic WER
; Antihistaminic 50 mg/2x/day WER
; Antihyperactivity 1.5-6 g/day WER
; Antiinsomnic 1 g/day WER
; AntiMeniere's JAD
; Antineuralgic DUKE1992B
; Antiparkinsonian 100 mg/day WER
; Antipellagric DAS
; Antiscotomic DUKE1992B
; Antispasmodic 100 mg/2x/day WER
; Antivertigo DUKE1992B
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Hepatoprotective DUKE1992B
; Hypoglycemic DUKE1992B
; Hypolipidemic RWG17
; Sedative PAM
; Serotoninergic PAM
; Vasodilator M29
- NICOTINAMIDE
Seed 21 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Cancer-Preventive 525
; Depressant DAS
- NICOTINIC-ACID
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
Antichilblain 50 mg/3x/day DAS
; AntiCrohn's DAS
; Antidote (pesticides) DAS
; Antischizophrenic DAS
; Antithyrotoxic DAS
; Choleretic DUKE1992B
; Hypocholesterolemic 1-6 g/man/day DAS
; Hypoglycemic; Insulinase-Inhibitor EMP6:157
; Insulinotonic EMP6:157
; Lipolytic DAS
- NITROGEN
Seed 22,800 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- NONANOIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
FLavor FEMA 1-15 ARC
; Perfumery ARC
- O-HYDROXYPHENYLACETIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- OCTOIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- OLEIC-ACID
Seed 190,000 - 217,000 ppm DUKE1992A
-
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor PMID10830511
; Allergenic M&R495
; Anemiagenic DUKE1992B
; Antiinflammatory IC50=21 uM POP:153
; Antileukotriene-D4 POP:153
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Choleretic 5 ml/man DUKE1992B
; Dermatitigenic M&R495
; FLavor FEMA 1-30 ARC
; Hypocholesterolemic GAS
; Insectifuge 382
; Irritant M11
; Percutaneostimulant CPB38:3086
; Perfumery ARC
- OLEO-DIPALMATIN
Seed 76,500 - 92,800 ppm DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- OLEOPALMITOSTEARIN
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- OXALIC-ACID
Seed 1,520 - 5,000 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiseptic DUKE1992B
; CNS-Paralytic JBH
; Fatal M29
; Hemostatic M11
; Irritant M&R499
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Renotoxic M11
- P-ANISIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- P-COUMARIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml (weak activity) SKN43:99
; Allelopathic JBH
; Antibacterial PHZ46:156
; Antifertility AEHD1:84
; Antihepatotoxic JBH
; Antinitrosaminic JNU
; Antioxidant IC24=30 ppm; Antiperoxidant IC50=>100 uM PM57:A54
; Antispasmodic CAN
; Antitumor; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Choleretic DUKE1992B
; Cytotoxic JBH
; Diaphoretic? LRN-DEC90
; Fungicide NIG
; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC11=5 mM JAF38:688
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Prostaglandigenic RWG27
; Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor DUKE1992B
- P-COUMARYL-QUINIC-ACID
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- P-HYDROXY-BENZOIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Antibacterial POP:58
; Antimutagenic EMP6:235
; Antioxidant PCF:65
; Antiradicular PMID10616967
; Antisickling 10.5 ug/ml; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Fungistat EC50=607 ug/ml NIG
; Immunosuppressant RWG29
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Phytoalexin NIG
; Prostaglandigenic JBH
; Secretogogue CAN
; Ubiquiot JBH
- P-HYDROXYPHENYLACETIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- PALMITIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor PMID10830511
; Antifibrinolytic EMP1:53
; FLavor FEMA 1 ARC
; Hemolytic BIS
; Hypercholesterolemic GAS
; Lubricant JBH
; Nematicide NIG
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Soap JBH
- PALMITODIOLEN
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- PANTOTHENIC-ACID
Seed 13 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Antiallergic 100-500 mg/day WER
; Antiarthritic 500-2,000 mg/day; Anticephalagic JBH
; Anticlaudificant? M29
; Antidermatitic JAD
; Antifatigue JBH
; Antihypercholesterolemic 300 mg/meal WER
; Antiielus? M29
; Antiinsomniac? M29
; Antirheumatitic? M29
; Cancer-Preventive 525
- PECTIN
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Antiatheromic 15 g/man/day HSC25:1485
; Antibacterial DUKE1992B
; Antidiabetic 10 g/man/day/orl; Antidiarrheic M11
; Antimutagenic PM65:395
; Antiobesity JNU
; Antitumor (Colon) PM65:395
; Antitussive DUKE1992B
; Antiulcer DUKE1992B
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Chemopreventive PM65:395
; Demulcent DUKE1992B
; Fungicide LAF
; Hemostat DUKE1992B
; Hypocholesterolemic HSC25:1485
; Hypoglycemic JNU
; Peristaltic DUKE1992B
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
- PENTOSE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- PEROXIDASE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- PHENYLACETIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
FLavor FEMA 0.1-30 ARC
; Perfumery ARC
- PHENYLALANINE
Seed 5,600 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
AntiADD 587 mg/day/orl M29
; Antidepressant 50-4,000 mg/day/man; Antiparkinsonian 200-500 mg/day/man MAR
; Antisickling 690 ug/ml; Antivitiligic 100 mg/kg/day/orl/man M29
; Monoamine-Precursor PAM
; Tremorigenic 1,600-12,600 mg/man/day MAR
- PHLOBAPHENE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- PHOSPHATIDYL-CHOLINE
Seed 92 - 1,328 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antialzheimeran 10-25 g/day/orl PAM
; Antimanic 15-30 g/man/day/orl PAM
- PHOSPHATIDYL-ETHANOLAMINE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- PHOSPHATIDYL-INOSITOL
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- PHOSPHOLIPIDS
Plant 255 - 3,319 ppm DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- PHOSPHORUS
Seed 3,600 - 5,571 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiosteoporotic DAS
; Immunostimulant DAS
; Osteogenic DAS
- PHYTASE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- PLANTEOSE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- POLYGALACTURONATE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- POLYPHENOL-OXIDASE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- POLYPHENOLS
Seed 78,000 - 100,000 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Anthelminthic JNP59:205
; Antibacterial JE26:74
; Anticariogenic JNP59:205
; Antidiarrheic DUKE1992B
; Antidysenteric DUKE1992B
; Antihepatotoxic JNP59:205
; AntiHIV JNP59:205
; Antihypertensive JNP59:205
; Antilipolytic JNP59:205
; Antimutagenic DUKE1992B
; Antiophidic EMP5:363
; Antioxidant IC50=1.44 ug/ml CPB38:1051
; Antiradicular 500 mg/kg/day orl mus CPB38:1049
; Antirenitic CPB38:1049
; Antitumor JNP59:205
; Antiulcer JNP59:205
; Antiviral; Cancer-Preventive HG22:14
; Chelator JNP59:205
; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor JNP59:205
; Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor JNP59:205
; Hepatoprotective DUKE1992B
; Immunosuppressant RWG29
; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor JNP59:205
; MAO-Inhibitor JNP59:205
; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor JNP59:205
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Psychotropic CPB38:1049
; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor JNP59:205
- PROLINE
Seed 7,200 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- PROPIONIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
FLavor FEMA 1-36,000 ARC
; Fungicide 2,500-36,000; Irritant ZEB
; Perfumery DUKE1992B
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Rubefacient ZEB
- PROPYL-ACETATE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- PROTEIN
Fruit 12,000 - 28,570 ppm JCB
Seed 120,000 - 180,000 ppm DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- PROTEINASE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- PROTOCATECHUIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Antiarrhythmic ACM:407
; Antiasthmatic DUKE1992B
; Antibacterial PR4(5):198
; Anticlastogen PMID9025787
; Antihepatotoxic JBH
; Antiherpetic DUKE1992B
; Antiinflammatory JBH
; Antiischemic JBH
; Antimutagenic PMID9025787
; Antiophidic EMP5:363
; Antioxidant ABC53:519
; Antiperoxidant IC50=>100 uM PM57:A54
; Antiradicular JAF45:1039
; Antispasmodic EC50=4.6-17 uM PR4(2):73
; Antitussive ACM:200
; Antiviral JAF45:1039
; Fungicide 500 ug/ml 438
; Immunostimulant EMP1:124
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Phagocytotic EMP1:124
; Prostaglandigenic RWG27
; Secretogogue CAN
; Ubiquiot JBH
- PURINE
Root 14,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
Seed 30,000 - 40,000 ppm DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- PYRIDOXINE
Seed 1 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Analgesic 50 mg day WER
; Antiacne 50 mg/day; Antiaggregant 40 mg/day; Antianemic 50-400 mg/man/day; Antiasthmatic 100-200 mg/day WER
; Antiatherosclerotic 40 mg/day WER
; Antiautistic DAS
; Anticarpal-Tunnel 100-150 mg/day/12 wks/orl/man M29
; Anticheilitic DAS
; Antidepressant 40-50 mg day; Antidermatitic DAS
; Antidiabetic DAS
; Antidote (Hydrazine) 10 g ivn M29
; Antidyskinetic 250-300 mg/man/4x/day MAR
; Antiemetic 20-200 mg/man/day MAR
; Antiepileptic 40 mg/day; Antiglossitic DAS
; Antihomocystinuric; Antihyperkinetic 1.5-2 g/day WER
; Antihyperventilation 40 mg/day WER
; Antiinfertility WER
; Antilithic WER
; AntiMorning-Sickness PAM
; AntiMSG-Sensitivity 50 mg/day WER
; Antinephritic DAS
; Antineuritic 150 mg/man/day MAR
; Antineuropathic 50 mg WER
; Antioxaluric PAM
; Antiparkinsonian 50 mg day; AntiPMS 100 mg/day/orl/wmn M29
50 mg/day PAM
; Antiprolactin PAM
; Antiradiation DAS
; Antischizophrenic 50 mg/man 3x/day MAR
; Antiseborrheic DAS
; Antisickling DAS
; Antispasmodic 100 mg/day WER
; AntiTMJ 50 mg/day WER
; Antiulcer DAS
; Antivertigo DAS
; Dopaminergic PAM
; Neurotoxic 2-6 g/day for 2 to 24 mos M29
; Progesteronigenic 40 mg/day WER
- QUERCETIN
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
11B-HSD-Inhibitor CPT59:62
; 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM)=4; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uM 4 ug/ml SKN43:99
IC50=0.344 uM ZZZ18:623
IC50=0.84 ug/ml cow CPB43:1385
; Allelochemic IC82=1 mM 438
; Allergenic JBH
; Analgesic FT63(3):197
; Antiaggregant 30 uM JAF45:4505
IC50=55 uM EMP5:333
; Antiallergic IC50=14 uM JIM127:546
; Antianaphylactic PR4(5):201
; Antiasthmatic; Antiatherosclerotic PMID11020457
; Antibacterial JBH
; Anticarcinomic (Breast) IC50=1.5 uM MED
; Anticariogenic ID50=120 ug/ml JAF48:5666
; Anticataract PM56(3):258
; Anticolitic 400 mg/man/3x/day PAM
; AntiCrohn's PAM
; Antidermatitic PAM
; Antidiabetic; Antielastase IC50=0.8 ug/ml DUKE1992B
; Antiencephalitic EMP5:199
; Antiescherichic PMID10857921
; Antiestrogenic; Antifeedant IC52=<1,000 ppm diet 438
; Antifibrosarcomic JAF45:4505
; Antiflu V&D
; Antigastric RR21:85
; Antigonadotropic JBH
; AntiGTF ID50=120 ug/ml JAF48:5666
; Antihepatotoxic PM56(2):171
; Antiherpetic PAM
; Antihistaminic IC50=<10 uM; AntiHIV JNP60(9):884
; Antihydrophobic V&D
; Antihypertensive KCH
; Antiinflammatory (20 mg/kg) 150 mg/kg FT5:1990
; Antileukemic 5.5-60 uM BO2
IC50=10 uM EMP5:225
IC50=>10 ug/ml LS55:1061
; Antileukotriene PAM
; Antilipoperoxidant IC67=50; Antimalarial IC50=1-6.4 ug/ml MPT
; Antimelanomic; Antimutagenic ID50=2-5 nM PCF
; Antimyocarditic EMP5:199
; Antinitrosaminic PAL:339
; Antioxidant 4.7 x Vit. E BO2
ED50=2.3 uM PR14:93
IC96=300 ppm PCF
; Antipancreatitic JNU
; Antiperiodontal PAM
; Antipermeability DUKE1992B
; Antiperoxidant PM57:A110
; Antipharyngitic PAM
; Antiplaque PAM
; AntiPMS 500 mg/2x/day/wmn PAM
; Antipodriac PAM
; Antipolio PAM
; Antiproliferant JNM7:51
; Antiprostanoid PCF:51
; Antiprostatitic JNU
; Antipsoriac PAM
; Antiradicular IC50=4.6 uM PM56(6):695
; Antispasmodic; Antistreptococcic ID50=120 ug/ml JAF48:5666
; Antithiamin PCF:69
; Antithrombic PAL:339
; Antitumor 10 uM; Antitumor (Bladder) JNM7:51
; Antitumor (Breast) JNM7:51
; Antitumor (Colon) JAF45:4505
; Antitumor (Lung) PMID10918203
; Antitumor (Ovary) JNM7:51
; Antitumor (Skin) 20 uM BO2
; Antitumor-Promoter PAM
; Antiviral IC50=10 uM; Apoptotic 20-60 uM; ATPase-Inhibitor NIG
; Bacteristat 10 mg/ml QRNM(SUMMER):91
; Bradycardiac KCH
; Calmodulin-Antagonist PAM
; cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor PAM
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Candidicide PMID10857921
; Capillariprotective M11
; Carcinogenic 40,000 ppm (diet) mus NIG
; Catabolic AFR27:173
; COMT-Inhibitor QRNM1997:293
; Copper-Chelator PR14:93
; COX-2-Inhibitor <40 uM BO2
; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor PCF:49
; Cytotoxic ED50=70 ug/ml PM56(6):677
IC82=100 ug/ml PM57:A113
; Deiodinase-Inhibitor JNM1:10
; Diaphoretic? LRN-DEC90
; Differentiator 5.5 uM BO2
; Estrogenic 10% genistein B02
; Fungicide PMID10857921
; Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor ID50=120 ug/ml JAF48:5666
; Hemostat KCH
; Hepatomagenic 5,000 ppm (diet) rat PCF
; Hepatoprotective FT67:200
; HIV-RT-Inhibitor IC50=<1 ug/ml JNP53(5):1239
; Hypoglycemic 100 mg/kg orl rat JE27:243
; Inotropic PMID10404425
; Insulinogenic PAM
; Juvabional 438
; Larvistat 8,000 ppm diet 438
; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC11=1.25 mM JAF38:688
IC50=0.1-5 uM DFN:154
; MAO-A-Inhibitor QRNM1997:293
; Mast-Cell-Stabilizer DUKE1992B
; Metal-Chelator (Copper) PR14:93
; MMP-9-Inhibitor 20 uM BO2
; Mutagenic HG22:27
; NADH-Oxidase-Inhibitor BJP3:10
; Neuroprotective 5-25 uM PMID11030720
; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor <10 uM; P450-Inducer 5 uM FNF
; P450-Inhibitor 50-100 uM FNF
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Phospholipase-Inhibitor BJP3:10
; Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 40 ug/ml PR11:281
; Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor PCF:14
; PTK-Inhibitor 0.4-24 uM BO2
; Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 13 uM 6 uM CLE120:213
; Teratologic DUKE1992B
; Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor IC50=12.8 ug/ml IC50=42 uM BO2
; Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=1-6.9 ug/ml IC50=23-40 uM BO2
; Tumorigenic 0.1% diet orl rat/yr 505
; Tyrosine-Kinase-Inhibitor EMP6:170
; Vasodilator; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=>0.4 ug/ml CPB38:1772
- QUERCETIN-3-O-GALACTOSIDE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
Antiinflammatory FT62:372
- QUERCETIN-3-O-GLUCOSIDE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- QUERCITRIN
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
ACE-Inhibitor IC50=0.67 mM/ K25469
; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 0.1-100 uM 0.5-4 ug/ml IC50=2 uM CPB38:2733
IC50=64 uM rat SPJ4:45
IC55=0.1 uM PM56(3):257
IC55=0.15 uM; Antiarrhythmic DUKE1992B
; Antibacterial JBH
; Anticataract PM239:1986
; Antiedemic KCH
; Antifeedant IC52=<1,000 ppm diet 438
; Antiflu AYL
; Antihemorrhagic JBH
; Antihepatotoxic; Antiherpetic EMP5:198
; Antiinflammatory KCH
; Antimutagenic ID50=2-5 nM PCF
; Antioxidant IC50=120 uM PC27:972
; Antipurpuric DUKE1992B
; Antispasmodic JE26:76
; Antistaphylococcic 0.412% HG40:24
; Antithrombogenic DUKE1992B
; Antitumor DUKE1992B
; Antiulcer JBH
; Antiviral; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Cardiotonic DUKE1992B
; Choleretic LAF
; CNS-Depressant DUKE1992B
; Cyclooxygenase-Activator 200 uM HH2
; Detoxicant LAF
; Diuretic KCH
; Dye M11
; Hemostat JBH
; Hepatotonic DUKE1992B
; Hypoglycemic EMP6:189
; Hypotensive DUKE1992B
; Insectiphile JBH
; MAO-A-Inhibitor QRNM1997:293
; MAO-Inhibitor HG40:12
; Paralytic DUKE1992B
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Vasopressor JE26:76
- RAFFINASE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- RAFFINOSE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
Flatugenic PFH46:77
- REDUCTASE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- RHAMNOSE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- RIBOFLAVIN
Fruit 1.6 - 3.8 ppm JCB
Seed 1 - 4 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Antiarabiflavinotic 2-10 mg/orl day MAR
; Anticarpal-Tunnel 50 mg/day WER
; Anticataract 15 mg/day WER
; Anticheilitic DUKE1992B
; Antidecubitic DUKE1992B
; Antiglossitic DAS
; Antikeratitic DUKE1992B
; Antimigraine DUKE1992B
; Antipellagric DUKE1992B
; Antiphotophobic DAS
; Cancer-Preventive 525
- RUTIN
Leaf:
DUKE1992A
-
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uM 4 ug/ml SKN43:99
; Allelochemic SN149:389
; Antiapoplectic DUKE1992B
; Antiatherogenic LAF
; Antibacterial JBH
; Anticancer JAF47:397
; Anticapillary-Fragility 20-100 mg orl man M7
; Anticataract DUKE1992B
; Anticlastogen JAF48:1738
; Anticonvulsant KCH
; AntiCVI 270 mg/man/day; Antidementia BRU
; Antidermatitic BIS
; Antidiabetic CPB38:297
; Antiedemic 270 mg/day/or man; Antierythemic DUKE1992B
; Antifeedant 450
; Antiglaucomic 60 mg/day WER
; Antihematuric DUKE1992B
; Antihemorrhoidal; Antihepatotoxic TOX
; Antiherpetic EMP5:198
; Antihistaminic DUKE1992B
; Antihypertensive KCH
; Antiinflammatory 20 mg/kg DUKE1992B
; Antimalarial IC50=>100 ug/ml JE15:204
; Antimutagenic ID50=2-5 nM PCF
; Antinephritic DUKE1992B
; Antioxidant IC28=30 ppm PCF
IC50=120 uM PC27:972
; Antipurpuric DUKE1992B
; Antiradicular 9 x quercetin; Antispasmodic; Antisunburn PM61:510
; Antithrombogenic DUKE1992B
; Antitrypanosomic 100 mg/kg PM57:A44
; Antitumor; Antitumor-Promoter; Antivaricose; Antiviral; cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor PAM
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Capillariprotective M11
; Catabolic AFR27:173
; Estrogenic? EMP6:189
; Hemostat KCH
; Hepatomagenic 20,000 ppm (diet) rat PCF
; Hypocholesterolemic KCH
; Hypotensive LAF
; Insecticide TOX
; Insectiphile JBH
; Juvabional 382
; Larvistat IC95=4,000-8,000 ppm diet 438
; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC75=2.5 mM JAF38:688
; Mutagenic EMP6:189
; Myorelaxant EMP6:189
; Oviposition-Stimulant JBH
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Radioprotective JAF48:1738
; Sunscreen PM61:510
; Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=1 ug/ml AAC41:992
; Vasopressor DUKE1992B
- RUTOSIDE
Leaf:
GMJ
-
Antiaggregant PMP23:57
; Anticapillary-Fragility FT67:483
; Choleretic 50 mg/kg ipr DUKE1992B
; COMT-Inhibitor uM QRNM1997:292
- SACCHAROSE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- SALSOLINOL
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Antialcoholic RWG141
; Cardiac PJB1(2):285
; Hypertensive PJB1(2):285
- SERINE
Seed 8,800 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Cancer-Preventive 525
- SINAPIC-ACID
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
Antibacterial JBH
; Antihepatotoxic JBH
; Antioxidant IC27=30 ppm PCF:221
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Fungicide JBH
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
- STACHYOSE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Flatugenic PFH46:77
- STARCH
Hb 60,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
Seed 60,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Absorbent M29
; Antidote (Iodine) JBH
; Antinesidioblastosic M29
; Emollient M29
; Poultice M29
- STEARIC-ACID
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor PMID10830511
; Cosmetic JBH
; FLavor FEMA 2-4,000 ARC
; Hypocholesterolemic GAS
; Lubricant JBH
; Perfumery ARC
; Propecic PMID10830511
; Suppository JBH
- STEARODIOLEIN
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- STIGMASTEROL
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
Antihepatotoxic DUKE1992B
; Antiinflammatory LRN1995
; Antiophidic 2.3 mg ipr mus EMP5:363
; Antiviral PS75:161
; Artemicide LC50=110 ppm PC29(5):1667
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Estrogenic MPI
; Hypocholesterolemic NIG
; Ovulant DUKE1992B
; Sedative PM6:499.1986
- SUCROSE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
Aggregant PAM
; Antihiccup 1 tsp M29
; Antiophthalmic M29
; Antioxidant M11
; Atherogenic PAM
; Collyrium JBH
; Demulcent JBH
; Flatugenic PFH46:77
; Hypercholesterolemic PAM
; Preservative M11
; Sweetener 1 x sucrose M11
; Triglycerigenic PAM
; Uricogenic PAM
; Vulnerary M29
- SYRINGIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Antioxidant IC39=30 ppm PCF:218
; Ubiquiot JBH
- TANNINS
Seed 75,400 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- TARTARIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Acidifier JBH
; Additive ARC
; Antioxidant Synergist M29
; FLavor FEMA 500-10,000 ARC
; Irritant ZEB
; Sequestrant ARC
- THEOBROMINE
Petiole 174 - 223 ppm JAF39:1941
Seed 10,000 - 33,500 ppm GMJ
WOI
JAF39:1941
Testa 936 - 1,434 ppm JAF39:1941
-
Anorexic MAR
; Antiasthmatic 10 mg/kg/orl/man M29
; Arteriodilator DUKE1992B
; Bronchodilator M11
; cAMP-Inhibitor IC50=0.06 mg/ml PM57:A133
; cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor PAM
; Cardiotonic M11
; cGMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor PAM
; CNS-Stimulant DUKE1992B
; Diuretic 300-600 mg/man/day MAR
; Emetic MAR
; Fetotoxic 100 mg/kg 500
; Herbicide IC41=100 ppm 438
; Myocardiotonic DUKE1992B
; Myorelaxant JBH
; Myostimulant M29
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Stimulant DUKE1992B
; Teratogenic 100 mg/kg 500
; Vasodilator M11
- THEOPHYLLINE
Petiole 58 - 188 ppm JAF39:1941
Plant:
DUKE1992A
Seed 3,254 - 4,739 ppm JAF39:1941
Testa 130 - 257 ppm JAF39:1941
-
Allergenic M29
; Antiapneic M29
; Antiasthmatic 5 mg/kg/orl/man M29
; Antibradyarrhythmic M29
; Antibronchitic M29
; Anticellulitic AIL
; Antidote Charcoal & Propanolol M29
; Antiemphysemic M29
; Antineuralgic M29
; Antirhinitic M29
; Antispasmodic 100 uM JPP42:102
; Antiviral EMP5:201
; Arteriodilator DUKE1992B
; Bronchodilator; cAMP-Inhibitor IC50=0.06 mg/ml PM57:A133
; cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor PAM
; Cardiovascular 30 mg/kg orl rat BBE
; cGMP-Inhibitor PAM
; cGMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor PAM
; Choleretic DUKE1992B
; CNS-Stimulant JBH
; Diuretic 15 mg/kg ivn rbt BBE
; Fetotoxic 100 mg/kg 500
; Herbicide IC58=100 ppm 438
; Hypertensive LAW
; Hyperuricemic M29
; Hypoglycemic EMP6:168
; Myocardiotonic M29
; Myorelaxant 100 uM JPP42:102
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Prostaglandin-Secretor 10 mg/kg orl rat BBE
; Stimulant DUKE1992B
; Tachycardic M29
; Teratogenic CRC
; Vasodilator DUKE1992B
- THIAMIN
Fruit 1.8 - 4.2 ppm JCB
Seed 1 - 3 ppm DUKE1992A
-
Analgesic 1-4 g/day WER
; Antialcoholic DUKE1992B
; Antialzheimeran 100-3,000 mg day WER
; Antianorectic JBH
; Antibackache 1-4 g day WER
; Antiberiberi DUKE1992B
; Anticardiospasmic DUKE1992B
; Anticolitic DUKE1992B
; Antidecubitic DUKE1992B
; Antideliriant DUKE1992B
; Antiencephalopathic M29
; Antifatigue JBH
; Antigastritic JBH
; Antiheartburn DUKE1992B
; Antiherpetic DUKE1992B
; Antimigraine DUKE1992B
; Antimyocarditic DUKE1992B
; Antineuralgic WER
; Antineurasthenic DUKE1992B
; Antineuritic DUKE1992B
; Antineuropathic 50 mg WER
; Antipoliomyelitic DUKE1992B
; Insectifuge 75-150 mg/man/day MAR
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
- THREONINE
Seed 1,400 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Antioxidant? PC27:976
; Antiulcer M29
; Essential JBH
; FLavor FEMA 1,000 ARC
- TRIGONELLINE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Anticancer (Cervix) 411
; Anticancer (Liver) 411
; Antihyperglycemic IWU
; Antimigraine PMP25:56
; Antiseptic IWU
; Antitumor (Cervix) 411
; Antitumor (Liver) 411
; Hypocholesterolemic DUKE1992B
; Hypoglycemic 50 mg/kg orl rat CAN
500-3,000 mg/man/day MAR
; Mutagenic MED97
; Osmoregulator PC44:1037
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
- TYRAMINE
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
Adrenergic M11
; Antiaggregant DUKE1992B
; Cardiovascular 0.8 ivn cat BBE
30 mg/kg scu mus BBE
; Hypertensive NIG
; Insectifuge 356
; Neurotoxic 1 mg/kg ivn dog BBE
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Sympathomimetic JBH
; Vasopressor DUKE1992B
- TYROSINE
Seed 5,700 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Antidepressant?; Antiencephalopathic M29
; Antiparkinsonian 100 mg/kg day WER
; Antiphenylketonuric M29
; Antiulcer 256 mg scu BBE
400 mg/kg ipr rat BBE
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Monoamine-Precursor PAM
- VALERIANIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Antispasmodic DUKE1992B
- VALERIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Antihysteric MAR
; Antiinsomniac 1.2-2.4 DUKE1992B
; Antispasmodic JE26:86
; FLavor FEMA 1-8 ARC
; Hypotensive DUKE1992B
; Myorelaxant JE26:86
; Perfumery M11
; Sedative DUKE1992B
; Tranquilizer DUKE1992B
- VALINE
Seed 5,700 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
Antiencephalopathic M29
; Essential DUKE1992B
; FLavor FEMA 1,000-2,000 ARC
- VANILLIC-ACID
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uM/l PHM1:145
; Anthelminthic JBH
; Antibacterial 1.5-15 mg/ml 452
; Anticancer JAF47:397
; Antifatigue; Antiinflammatory JBH
; Antioxidant IC21=30 ppm; Antiradicular 7 x quercetin JAF47:397
; Antisickling PM56(6):681
; Antitumor JAF47:397
; Antitumor-Promoter JAF47:397
; Ascaricide DUKE1992B
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Choleretic DUKE1992B
; Immunosuppressant RWG29
; Laxative MPI
; Pesticide DUKE1992B
; Ubiquiot JBH
- VERBASCOSE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Flatulent DUKE1992B
- VERBASCOTETROSE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- VITEXIN
Plant:
DUKE1992A
-
ACE-Inhibitor 5 ug/ml J18483
IC50=0.3 mM/l M20461
; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 5 ug/ml PAT06,293,657
IC15=10 uM PC23:1885
; Antiarrhythmic PT4(3):118
; Antibradiquinic FT61:277.1990
; Antidermatitic DUKE1992B
; Antihistaminic DUKE1992B
; Antiinflammatory FT61:263.1990
; Antioxidant JAF45:632
; Antiserotoninic DUKE1992B
; Antithyroid JBH
; Aphidifuge JAF45:4505
; cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor IC50=1.6 mg/ml PM57:A133
; Cancer-Preventive 525
; Goitrogenic JBH
; Hypotensive DUKE1992B
; Thyroid-Peroxidase-Inhibitor JBH
- WATER
Fruit 580,000 ppm;
JCB
Seed 36,000 ppm;
DUKE1992A
-
No activity reported.
- XYLOSE
Seed:
DUKE1992A
-
Antidiabetic; Diagnostic MAR
; Dye M11
References
- 356:
Grainge, M. and Ahmed, S., Handbook of Plants with Pest-Control Properties, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1988, 470.
Note: Author list various compounds as active principle, thus leading me to enter all the aconitine alkaloids, e.g, as insecticidal, though authors do not specifically say that all are insecticidal.
- 382:
Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
- 411:
Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
- 438:
Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.
- 450:
Russell, G. B., Phytochemical resources for crop protection, N. Z. J. Technol., 2, 1986, 127-134.
- 452:
Recio, M. C., Rios, J. L., and Villar, A., A review of some antimicrobial compounds isolated from medicinal plants reported in the literature 1978-1988, Phytotherapy Research, 3(4), 1989, 117-125.
- 500:
Jim Duke's personal files
- 505:
Jim Duke's personal files.
- 525:
Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
- A&C3:269:
Jim Duke's personal files
- AAC41:992:
Bernard, F. X., Sable, S., Cameron, B., Provost, J., Desnottes, J. F., Crouzet, J., Blanche, F. 1997. Glycosylated Flavones as Selective Inhibitors of Topoisomerase IV. Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy, 41: 992-998.
- AB68:195:
Angewandte Botanik 68(5/6)=1994. Page 195.
- ABC53:519:
Kikuzaki, H. and Nakatani, N. 1988. Structure of a New Antioxidative Phenolic Acid from Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.). Agric. Biol. Chem. 53: 519-524.
- ABS:
Abstract (See species file)
- ACM:134:
Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 134.
- ACM:200:
Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 200.
- ACM:210:
Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 210.
- ACM:407:
Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 407.
- ACM:69:
Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 69.
- ACS661:230:
Jim Duke's personal files
- AEHD1:84:
Jim Duke's personal files
- AFR27:149:
Singleton, V.L. 1981. Naturally Occurring Food Toxicants: Phenolic Substances of Plant Origin Common in Foods. Advances in Food Research 27: 149-217.
- AFR27:173:
Jim Duke's personal files
- AFR27:180:
Jim Duke's personal files
- AIL:
Jim Duke's personal files
- AJC24:11:
Jim Duke's personal files
- AJC62:1212:
Jim Duke's personal files
- ALG51:189:
Daroca, P., Rodriguez, J., Reano, M., Canto, G., Miranda, P. 1996. Fever From Caffeine. Allergy, 51(3): 189-191.
- ARC:
Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry
Note: Most ARC numerical data were in mg/dl. I know of no other plant where zinc is more prevalent than other minerals and protein. These data should be viewed as suspect.
- ARO95:21:
Jim Duke's personal files
- AYL:
Leung, A.Y., Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
- AYL-84:
Jim Duke's personal files
- B02:
Jim Duke's personal files
- BBE:
Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006.
- BIS:
Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.
Note: English translation of Wichtl, 1984,1989).
- BJP3:10:
Jim Duke's personal files
- BO2:
Jim Duke's personal files
- BOI:
Jim Duke's personal files
- BRU:
Bruneton, J. 1999. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. 2nd Ed. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris. 1119 pp.
- CAN:
Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
- CAN117:
Jim Duke's personal files
- CAN210:
Jim Duke's personal files
- CCO:
Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)
- CLE120:213:
Uda, Y., Price, K. R., Williamson, G., Rhodes, M. J. C. 1997. Induction of the Anticarcinogenic Marker Enzyme, Quinone Reductase, in Murine Hepatoma Cells In Vitro by Flavonoids. Cancer Lett., 120 (2): 213-216.
- CMR3/4/91:16:
Jim Duke's personal files
- CMR9/10/92:
Chemical Marketing Reporter; a weekly tabloid, 9/10/92.
- COX:50:
Jim Duke's personal files
- CPB38:1049:
Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.
- CPB38:1051:
Jim Duke's personal files
- CPB38:1225:
Hatano, T., Yasuhara, T., Yoshihara, R., Agata, I., Noro, T., and Okuda, T. 1989. Effects of Interaction of Tannins with Co-existing Substances.VII. Inhibitory Effects of Tannins Related Polyphenols on Xanthine Oxidase. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(5): 1224-1229
- CPB38:1620:
Ozaki, Y. and Ma, J-P. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine and Ferulic Acid on Spontaneous Movement of Rat Uterus in Situ. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(6): 1620-1623, 1990.
- CPB38:1623:
Jim Duke's personal files
- CPB38:1772:
Chem. & Pharm. Bull. 38: 1772.
- CPB38:2283:
Shimizu,*M., et al. 1990. Anti-inflammatory Constituents of Topically Applied Crude Drugs. IV.1) Constituents and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Paraguayan Crude Drug "Alhucema" (Lavandula latifolia Vill.)2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(8): 2283-2284, 1990.
- CPB38:2733:
Terashima, S., Shimizu, M., Nakayama, H., Ishikura, M., et al. 1990. Studies on Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Medicinal Plant of "Sinfito," Potentilla candicans, and Further Synthesis of Their Related Compounds. Chem. Pharm. Bull 38(10):2733-2736, 1990
- CPB38:297:
Jin, G-Z., Yamagata, Y., and Tomita, K.-i. 1989. Structure of Rutin Pentamethanol. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(2): 297-300, 1990.
- CPB38:3086:
Seki, T., Toeda, C., Kawaguchi, T., Juni, K., Sugibayashi, K., and Morimoto, Y. 1990. Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Zidovudine in Rats and Human Skin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(11): 3086-3089, 1990.
- CPB38:774:
Yasukawa, K., Takido, M., Takeuchi, M., Sato, Y., Nitta, K., and Nakagawa, S. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Flavonol Glycosides on 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-Induced Tumor Promotion. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(3): 774-776, 1990.
- CPB43:1385:
Okada,Y,et al.1995.Search for Naturally Occurring Substances to Prevent the Complications of Diabetes.II.Inhibitory Effect of Coumarin and Flavonoid Derivatives on Bovine Lens Aldose Reductase and Rabbit Platelet Aggregation.Chem Pharm Bull43(8):1385-1387
- CPB47:340:
Yoshikawa, M., et al. 1999. Medicinal Flowers. I. Aldose Reductase Inhibitors and Three New Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpenes, Kikkanols A, B, and C, From the Flowers of Chrysanthemum inducum L. Chem Pharm Bull, 47(3): 340-345.
- CPT59:62:
Jim Duke's personal files
- CR48:5941:
Cancer Research, 48: 5941.
- CRC:
CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
- DAS:
Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
- DFN:154:
Jim Duke's personal files
- DFN:160:
Jim Duke's personal files
- DUKE1992A:
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
- DUKE1992B:
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of biologically active phytochemicals and their activities. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
- EB44:68.1990:
Schultes, R.E. De Plantis Toxicariis e Mundo Novo Tropicale Commentationes XXXVI. Justicia (Acanthaceae) as a Source of an Hallucinogenic Snuff. Economic Botany 44(1): 61-70, 1990.
- EB48:111:
Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.
- EJP45:389:
Dascombe, M. J. 1977. Effects of Methylxanthine Drugs on Pyrogen-Induced Hyperthermia. Eur J Pharmacol, 45: 389-392.
- EMP1:124:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124.
- EMP1:53:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.
- EMP5:194:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.
- EMP5:197:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 197.
- EMP5:198:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 198.
- EMP5:199:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 199.
- EMP5:201:
Jim Duke's personal files
- EMP5:207:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.
- EMP5:225:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 225.
- EMP5:333:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 333.
- EMP5:363:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.
- EMP6:157:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 157.
- EMP6:165:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 165
- EMP6:168:
Jim Duke's personal files
- EMP6:170:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 170.
- EMP6:189:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
- EMP6:235:
Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.
- FEL:
Jim Duke's personal files
- FNF:
Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.
- FT1990:508:
Jim Duke's personal files
- FT5:1986:
Fitoterapia No.5-1986.
- FT5:1990:
Fitoterapia No.5-1990.
- FT61:263.1990:
Fitoterapia No.61: 263, 1990.
- FT61:277.1990:
Fitoterapia No.61: 277, 1990.
- FT62:372:
Pathak, D., Pathak, K., Singla*, A.K. 1991. Flavonoids as medicinal agents - Recent advances. Fitoterapia 62(5): 62, 1991.
- FT63(1):3:
Jim Duke's personal files
- FT63(3):197:
Jim Duke's personal files
- FT64:131:
Shin*, K.H., Chung, M.S., Chae, Y.J., Yoon, K.Y., Cho, T.S. 1992. A survey for aldose reductase inhibition of herbal medicines. Fitoterapia 64(2): 130, 1993.
- FT64:134:
Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993.
- FT65(2):101:
Jim Duke's personal files
- FT66:400:
Jim Duke's personal files
- FT67:200:
Jim Duke's personal files
- FT67:483:
Jim Duke's personal files
- FT67:548:
Jim Duke's personal files
- FT68(4):291:
Jim Duke's personal files
- GAS:
Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)
- GMJ:
Grenand, P., Moretti, C., and Jacquemin, H. 1987. Pharmacopees Traditionnelles en Guyane. l'ORSTROM, Paris. 569 pp.
- HG20:9:
HerbalGram No. 20, page 9.
- HG22:14:
HerbalGram No. 22 - Spring 1990, page 14.
- HG22:27:
Jim Duke's personal files
- HG24:37:
HerbalGram No. 24, page 37.
- HG40:12:
Jim Duke's personal files
- HG40:24:
Jim Duke's personal files
- HH2:
Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
- HSC25:1485:
Cerda, J.J. Pectin in Health and Disease. HortScience, 25(12): 1485, 1990.
- HSC25:1495:
Simon, P.W. Carrots and Other Horticultural Crops as a Source of Provitamin A Carotenes. HortScience, 25(12): 1495, 1990.
- IJP33:7:
Pandeya, S.N. 1970. Biological Activity of Adamantyl Derivatives. The Indian Journal of Pharmacy, 33: 7.
- IWU:
Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.
- J18483:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAC45:3362:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAD:
Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.
- JAF38:688:
Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690.
- JAF38:805:
Friedman, M. and Dao, L. 1990. Effect of Autoclaving and Conventional and Microwave Baking on the Ergot Alkaloid and Chlorogenic Acid Contents of Morning Glory (Ipomoea tricolor Cav. cv.) Heavenly Blue Seeds. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 805-808.
- JAF39:1941:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF44:2057:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF44:2096:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF45:1039:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF45:1523:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF45:4505:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF45:632:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF45:661:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF47:397:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF48:1738:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF48:235:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF48:5666:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF48:5768:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAF49:3106:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAFC34:409:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAFC37:1365:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAFC45:632:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAFC48:220:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAM272:1043:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAR10:7:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JAR9(4):182:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JBC8:211:
Oliveira, T. T., Nagem, T. J., Miranda, L. C. G., Paula, V. F., Teixeira, M. A. 1997. Inhibitory Action on Aldose Reductase by Soybean Flavonoids. J Braz Chem Soc, 8(3): 211-213.
- JBH:
Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
- JCB:
J Cell Biochem VOL. 22=1995
- JCE17:865:
Holappa, L.D., and Blum*, U. 1991. Effects of Exogenously Applied Ferulic Acid, a Potential Allelopathic Compound, on Leaf Growth, Water Utilization, and Endogenous Abscisic Acid Levels of Tomato, Cucumber, and Bean. J. of Chemical Ecology, 17(5): 865.
- JCE26:315:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JD23:101:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JE15:204:
Khalid, S.A., Farouk, A., Geary**, T.G., and Jensen, J.B. 1985. Potential Antimalarial Candidates From African Plants: An In Vitro Approach Using Plasmodium falciparum*. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 15: 201-209, 1986.
- JE26:74:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JE26:76:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JE26:80:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JE26:81:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JE26:86:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JE27:243:
Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989.
- JE28:221:
Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.
- JE32:175:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JE39:205:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JEM168:129:
Tohda, H., Zhao, J. H., Oikawa, A. 1992. A Possible Involvement of DNA Topoisomerase I in "Caffeine Effect" After Ultraviolet Irradiation. Tohoku J Exp Med, 168: 129-132.
- JIM127:546:
Jim Duke's personal files.
- JJP40:138:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JLR1(2):
Jim Duke's personal files
- JMF1(3):
Jim Duke's personal files
- JMF2:227:
Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 227.1999.
- JMF2:235:
Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 235.1999.
- JN127:710:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JNM1:10:
Jim Duke's personal files.
- JNM7:51:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JNP53(5):1239:
Nakane, H., Fukushima, M., and Ono*, K. Differential Inhibition Of Reverse Transcriptase And Various DNA Polymerases By Digallic Acid And Its Derivatives. Journal of Natural Products, 53(5): 1234-1240, 1990.
- JNP54:142:
Garcia, J., Morin,* C., Nyasse, B., Sondengam, B-L., Tchouankeu, J-C., and Tsamo, E. Complete Structural Assignments Of An Ergosterol Derivative From Entandrophragma utile. Journal of Natural Products, 54(1): 136-142, 1991.
- JNP58:217:
Constantinou, A., Mehta, R., Runyan, C., Rao, K., Vaughan, A., Moon, R. 1995. Flavonoids as DNA Topoisomerase Antagonists and Poisons: Structure-Activity Relationships. J Natural Products, 58: 217-225.
- JNP59:205:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JNP59:987:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JNP60(9):884:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JNP67:344:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JNU:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JPP42:102:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JPP42:131:
Jim Duke's personal files
- JPP42:194:
Gawron, A., Gorski*, G., Glowniak**, K. 1989. Increased proliferation of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human leucocytes after 8-methoxypsoralen treatment. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42: 194-195, 1990.
- JPP42:732:
Jim Duke's personal files
- K16299:
Jim Duke's personal files
- K25469:
Jim Duke's personal files
- KCH:
Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
- LAF:
Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
- LAW:
LAWSON in Koch, H. P. and Lawson, L. D., eds. 1996. Garlic- The
Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 329 pp.
- LRN-DEC90:
Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-90.
- LRN-JUN89:
Jim Duke's personal files
- LRN-SEP91:
Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-91.
- LRN1995:
Lawrence Review of Natural Products, 1995
- LS55:1061:
Life Sciences 55: 1061.
- M&R:
Mitchell, J. and Rook, A.J. 1923. Botanical Dermatology: plants and plant products injurious to the skin. Vancouver: Greengrass, 1979. xiii, 787 p.: ill.
- M&R317:
Jim Duke's personal files
- M&R367:
Jim Duke's personal files
- M&R495:
Jim Duke's personal files
- M&R499:
Jim Duke's personal files
- M&R610:
Jim Duke's personal files
- M&R670:
Jim Duke's personal files
- M11:
Merck 11th Edition
- M20461:
Jim Duke's personal files
- M29:
Martindale's 29th
- M30:
Martindale's 30th
- M7:
Merck 7th Ed.
- MAB:
Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2,000. Phytotherapy. Churchill
Livinston, Edinburgh.
- MAR:
Martindale's 28th
- MED:
Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)
- MED97:
Jim Duke's personal files
- MPI:
=ICMR(Indian Council of Medical Research).1976.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.1.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambridge Printing Works, New Delhi.487 pp;ICMR.1987.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.2.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambr. Printing Works,New Delhi.600pp
Note: (2 vols so far).
- MPT:
Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of the Tropics. Leeuwenberg, A.J.M., ed. Pudoc, Wageningen. 1987.
- MSC'96:
Jim Duke's personal files
- NIG:
Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
- NR11:S120:
Jim Duke's personal files
- NR54:S71:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PAL:335:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PAL:339:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PAM:
Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
- PAT06,293,657:
Okamot, Y., Yoshizawa, T. 1994. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Aldose Reductase Inhibitors Containing Passiflora quadraqularis Extracts or Vitexin. Patent, Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho-06,293,657. 4pp.
- PC23:1885:
Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
- PC27:969:
Larson, R.A. 1987. Review Article Number 30. The Antioxidants of Higher Plants. Phytochemistry. 27: 969-978.
- PC27:972:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PC27:973:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PC27:974:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PC27:976:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PC29(5):1667:
Jung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum fruticosum. Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990.
- PC36:579:
Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.
- PC44:1037:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PC44:441:
Zhu, M., Phillipson, J. D., Greengrass, P. M., Bowery, N. E., Cai, Y. 1997. Plant Polyphenols: Biologically Active Compounds or Non-Selective Binders to Protein? Phytochemistry, 44(3): 441-447.
- PCF:
Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp.
- PCF:132:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PCF:14:
Naim, M., Zehavi, U., Nagy, S., and Rouseff, R.L. Hydroxycinnamic Acids as Off-Flavor Precursors in Citrus Fruits and Their Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.14.
- PCF:18:
Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.
- PCF:19:
Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.
- PCF:21:
Huang, M-T., and Ferraro, T. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Cancer Prevention. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.2 p.21.
- PCF:218:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PCF:221:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PCF:245:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PCF:25:
McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.25.
- PCF:305:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PCF:35:
Weisburger, J.H. Mutagenic, Carcinogenic, and Chemoproventive Effects of Phenols and Catechols.Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.3.
- PCF:39,277:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PCF:44:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PCF:49:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PCF:51:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PCF:65:
Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 65.
- PCF:69:
Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.
- PCF:96:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PED:
Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah. 377 pp.
Note: Some quantitative data, e.g., selenium, seems inaccurate. All PED data is ZMB.
- PFH46:77:
Singh, J., Gupta, K., and Arora, S.K. 1993. Changes in the anti-nutritional factors of developing seeds and pod walls of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.). Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 46: 77-84, 1994.
- PH2:
Jim Duke's personal files
- PHM1:145:
Jim Duke's personal files