Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml (weak activity) SKN43:99 ; Allelopathic JBH ; Antibacterial PHZ46:156 ; Antifertility AEHD1:84 ; Antihepatotoxic JBH ; Antinitrosaminic JNU ; Antioxidant IC24=30 ppm; Antiperoxidant IC50=>100 uM PM57:A54 ; Antispasmodic CAN ; Antitumor; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Choleretic DUKE1992B ; Cytotoxic JBH ; Diaphoretic? LRN-DEC90 ; Fungicide NIG ; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC11=5 mM JAF38:688 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Prostaglandigenic RWG27 ; Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor DUKE1992B

P-HYDROXY-BENZOIC-ACID Plant: DUKE1992A

Antibacterial POP:58 ; Antimutagenic EMP6:235 ; Antioxidant PCF:65 ; Antiradicular PMID10616967 ; Antisickling 10.5 ug/ml; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Fungistat EC50=607 ug/ml NIG ; Immunosuppressant RWG29 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Phytoalexin NIG ; Prostaglandigenic JBH ; Secretogogue CAN ; Ubiquiot JBH

PERIVINCINE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

PICRININE Plant: DUKE1992A

CNS-Depressant PEP

PROTOCATECHUIC-ACID Plant: DUKE1992A

Antiarrhythmic ACM:407 ; Antiasthmatic DUKE1992B ; Antibacterial PR4(5):198 ; Anticlastogen PMID9025787 ; Antihepatotoxic JBH ; Antiherpetic DUKE1992B ; Antiinflammatory JBH ; Antiischemic JBH ; Antimutagenic PMID9025787 ; Antiophidic EMP5:363 ; Antioxidant ABC53:519 ; Antiperoxidant IC50=>100 uM PM57:A54 ; Antiradicular JAF45:1039 ; Antispasmodic EC50=4.6-17 uM PR4(2):73 ; Antitussive ACM:200 ; Antiviral JAF45:1039 ; Fungicide 500 ug/ml 438 ; Immunostimulant EMP1:124 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Phagocytotic EMP1:124 ; Prostaglandigenic RWG27 ; Secretogogue CAN ; Ubiquiot JBH

PUBESCEINE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

QUERCETIN-3-RHAMNOGLUCOSIDE-7-BETA-GLUCOSIDE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

QUERCETIN-3-ROBINOBIOSIDE-7-RHAMNOSIDE Leaf: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

RESERPINE Leaf: DUKE1992A

Abortifacient 0.04 mg/kg ipr? rbt PDR45 DUKE1992B ; Antiadrenergic DUKE1992B ; Anticonvulsant DUKE1992B ; Antidyskinetic 500-5,000 ug/man/day MAR ; Antihypertensive 250-500 ug /man/day MAR ; Antileukemic DUKE1992B ; Antimigraine MAR ; Antipsychotic 100-1,000 ug/man/day MAR ; Antipyretic DUKE1992B ; AntiRaynaud's 1-1.5 mg/iar/man/day MAR ; Antischizophrenic DUKE1992B ; Antistress DUKE1992B ; Antitumor DUKE1992B ; Bradycardic MAR ; Calcium-Antagonist 1 uM rbt, rat, gpg K11002 ; Catecholaminolytic PAM ; CNS-Depressant DUKE1992B ; Hepatoprotective DUKE1992B ; Hypotensive M11 ; Hypothermic 2.5 mg/kg scu mus JPP42:586 ; MDR-Inhibitor 2.5-10 uM; Peristaltic DUKE1992B ; Rodenticide MAR ; Sedative MAR ; Serotoninolytic PAM ; Teratogenic 1-2 mg/kg ims ipr rat PDR45 ; Tranquilizer M11 ; Tumorigenic 5-10 ppm feed orl mus PDR45 ; Ulcerogenic 0.1 mg/kg/day/6 weeks imr rat JPP42:64 ; Uterotonic 411 ; Vasoconstrictor JPP42:125

ROBININ Flower 4,000 ppm; DUKE1992A

Antiazotemic DUKE1992B ; Antibacterial JBH ; Anticancer JAF47:397 ; Antimutagenic ID50=50-100 nM PCF:13 ; Antioxidant 1/5 quercetin JAF47:397 ; Antiradicular JAF47:397 ; Antitumor-Promoter JAF47:397 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Diuretic DUKE1992B ; Pesticide DUKE1992B

ROBINOSIDE Flower 4,000 ppm; DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

SAPONIN Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

STRICTAMINE Plant: DUKE1992A

MAO-Inhibitor PEP

TRIACONTANE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

URSOLIC-ACID Leaf 1,400 - 37,000 ppm DUKE1992A Plant 2,400 - 13,400 ppm DUKE1992A

Analgesic FT63(3):195 ; Antialzheimeran JNP61:1212 ; Antiarthritic PM57:A56 ; Anticancer JNP61:1212 ; Anticancer (Colon) JNP61:1212 ; Anticariogenic LAF ; Anticholestatic 28-100 mg/kg orl PR6:74 ; Anticomplement IC100 0.1 mM/l gpg HH2 IC80-90 0.05 mM/l gpg HH2 ; Antidiabetic CCO ; AntiEBV CAN ; Antiedemic; Antifibrosarcomic IC80=10 uM BO2 ; Antihepatotoxic 5-20 mg/kg ipr PR6:74 ; Antihistaminic CPB39:3276 ; AntiHIV EC50=2.0 ug/ml JNP61:1090 IC50=6.5 ug/ml JNP61:1090 IC85=18 ug/ml JNP59:643 ; Antihyperlipidemic JE49:57 ; Antiinflammatory 1/3 indomethacin IC24=500 mg/kg; Antileishmanic ED50=20 uM POP:113 ; Antileukemic JNP53(3):513 ; Antilymphomic CAN ; Antimalarial IC50=28-37 ug/ml PR13:115 ; Antimetastatic IC80=10 uM BO2 ; Antimutagenic PPB17:990 ; Antiobesity? IJO16:4 ; Antioxidant BCI28:735 ; Antiplasmodial IC50=28-37 ug/ml PR13:115 ; Antiproliferative IC50=15-20 uM FT66(4):369 ; Antistaphylococcic CAN ; Antitumor CR54:701 ; Antitumor (Breast) 0.5% diet CLE104:43 IC50=15-20 uM FT66(4):369 ; Antitumor (Colon) CAN ; Antitumor (Lung) CAN ; Antitumor (Stomach) FT66(4):369 ; Antitumor-Promoter PM57:A56 ; Antiulcer PR6:74 ; Antiviral IC85=18 ug/ml; Aromatase-Inhibitor FIT68:387 ; Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor ~100 mg/kg BO2 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Choleretic 5-20 mg/kg orl PR6:74 ; CNS-Depressant DUKE1992B ; COX-2-Inhibitor IC50=130 uM/; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor JNP61:1212 ; Cytotoxic 50 ppm JNP53(3):513 ED50=3.75 ug/ml JNP53(3):513 ; Diuretic DUKE1992B ; Elastase-Inhibitor IC50=~15 uM BO2 ; Hepatoprotective 1-100 ug/ml; Hypoglycemic JE27:243 ; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=0.18 mM FT66(4):369 ; MMP-9-Inhibitor IC80=10 uM BO2 ; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor BO2 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Piscicide DUKE1992B ; Potassium-Sparing 3 mg/rat IWU ; Protease-Inhibitor IC85=18 ug/ml JNP59:643 ; Protisticide CE7:285 ; Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 5 ug/ml AR19:35 ; Sodium-Sparing 3 mg/rat IWU

VANILLIC-ACID Plant: DUKE1992A

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uM/l PHM1:145 ; Anthelminthic JBH ; Antibacterial 1.5-15 mg/ml 452 ; Anticancer JAF47:397 ; Antifatigue; Antiinflammatory JBH ; Antioxidant IC21=30 ppm; Antiradicular 7 x quercetin JAF47:397 ; Antisickling PM56(6):681 ; Antitumor JAF47:397 ; Antitumor-Promoter JAF47:397 ; Ascaricide DUKE1992B ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Choleretic DUKE1992B ; Immunosuppressant RWG29 ; Laxative MPI ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Ubiquiot JBH

VINCADIFFORMINE Leaf: DUKE1992A

Hypotensive JNP39:444

VINCADINE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

VINCAMEDINE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

VINCAMIDINE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

VINCAMINE Leaf 200 - 1,680 ppm DUKE1992A

Bradycardic DUKE1992B ; Cerebrotonic 40-80 mg/man/day/orl; Coronary-Dilator PAM ; Hypotensive 5-100 mg/man/day WOI ; Respirastimulant DUKE1992B ; Sedative 50-500 mg/man/day WOI ; Vasodilator M11

VINCAMININE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

VINCAMINOREINE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

VINCAMINORIDINE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

VINCAMINORINE Leaf: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

VINCANORINE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

VINCAREINE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

VINCARORINE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

VINCATINE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

VINCESINE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

VINCINE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

VINCININE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

VINCORIDINE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

VINCORINE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

VINCOSIDE Leaf 10,000 ppm; DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

VINCRISTINE Plant: DUKE1992A

Analgesic M29 ; AntiKaposi's M29 ; Antileukemic 25-150 ug/kg/week/ivn/man M29 ; Antineuralgic M29 ; Antitumor M11 ; Immunosuppressant MAR ; Neurotoxic M29 ; Teratogenic DUKE1992B

VININE Plant: DUKE1992A

Hypotensive DUKE1992B ; Pressor DUKE1992B

VINOMINE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

VINOXINE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

VINTSINE Plant: DUKE1992A

No activity reported.

References

411: Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.

438: Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.

452: Recio, M. C., Rios, J. L., and Villar, A., A review of some antimicrobial compounds isolated from medicinal plants reported in the literature 1978-1988, Phytotherapy Research, 3(4), 1989, 117-125.

525: Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.

ABC53:519: Kikuzaki, H. and Nakatani, N. 1988. Structure of a New Antioxidative Phenolic Acid from Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.). Agric. Biol. Chem. 53: 519-524.

ACM:200: Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 200.

ACM:407: Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 407.

AEHD1:84: Jim Duke's personal files

AR19:35: Lee, S. K., Song, Y., Mata-Greenwood, E., Kelloff, G. J., Steele, V. E., Pezzuto, J. M. 1999. Modulation of in vitro Biomarkers of the Carcinogenic Process by Chemopreventive Agents. Anticancer Res., 19: 35-44.

BCI28:735: Balanehru, S. and Nagarajan, B. 1992. Intervention of Adriamycin Induced Free Radical Damage. Biochemistry International 28(4): 735-744, 1992.

BO2: Jim Duke's personal files

CAN: Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.

CCO: Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)

CE7:285: Chemical Express, 7: 285, 1992.

CLE104:43: Jim Duke's personal files

CPB39:3276: Tsuruga, T., Chun, Y.-T., Ebizuka, Y., and Sankawa, U. 1991. Biologically Active Constituents of Melaleuca leucadendron: Inhibitors of Induced Histamine Release from Rat Mast Cells. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 39(12): 3276-3278, 1991.

CR54:701: Cancer Research, 54: 701, 1994.

DUKE1992A: Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

DUKE1992B: Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of biologically active phytochemicals and their activities. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.

EMP1:124: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124.

EMP5:363: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.

EMP6:235: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.

FIT68:387: Jim Duke's personal files

FT63(3):195: Jim Duke's personal files

FT66(4):369: Jim Duke's personal files

HH2: Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

IJO16:4: Internat. J. Oriental Med. 16: 4.

IWU: Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.

JAF38:688: Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690.

JAF45:1039: Jim Duke's personal files

JAF47:397: Jim Duke's personal files

JBH: Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.

JE27:243: Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989.

JE49:57: Jim Duke's personal files

JNP39:444: Jim Duke's personal files

JNP53(3):513: Jim Duke's personal files

JNP59:643: Jim Duke's personal files

JNP61:1090: Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.

JNP61:1212: Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.

JNU: Jim Duke's personal files

JPP42:125: Jim Duke's personal files

JPP42:586: Jim Duke's personal files

JPP42:64: Jim Duke's personal files

K11002: Jim Duke's personal files

LAF: Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.

LRN-DEC90: Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-90.

M11: Merck 11th Edition

M29: Martindale's 29th

MAR: Martindale's 28th

MPI: =ICMR(Indian Council of Medical Research).1976.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.1.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambridge Printing Works, New Delhi.487 pp;ICMR.1987.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.2.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambr. Printing Works,New Delhi.600pp Note: (2 vols so far).

NIG: Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.

PAM: Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).

PCF:13: Maga, J.A. Contribution of Phenolic Compounds to Smoke Flavor. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.13.

PCF:65: Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 65.

PDR45: Jim Duke's personal files

PEP: Pakistan Encyclopedia Planta Medica. 1986.

PHM1:145: Jim Duke's personal files

PHZ46:156: Pharmazie, 46: 156, 1991.

PM56(6):681: Planta Medica, 56(6): 681, 1990.

PM57:A54: Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.

PM57:A56: Planta Medica, 57: A56, 1991.

PMID10616967: Jim Duke's personal files

PMID9025787: Jim Duke's personal files

POP:113: Jim Duke's personal files

POP:58: Jim Duke's personal files

PPB17:990: Jim Duke's personal files.

PR13:115: Jim Duke's personal files

PR4(2):73: Ortiz de Urbina, J.J., Martin, M.L., Sevilla, M.A., Montero, M.J., Carron, R., and San Roman, L. Antispasmodic Activity on Rat Smooth Muscle of Polyphenol Compounds Caffeic and Protocathechic Acids. Phytotherapy Research 4(2): 73, 1990.

PR4(5):198: Lamikanra, A., Ogundaini, A.O., and Ogungbamila*, F.O. Antibacterial Constituents of Alchornea cordifolia Leaves. Phytotherapy Research 4(5): 198.

PR6:74: Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992.

RWG27: Jim Duke's personal files

RWG29: Jim Duke's personal files

SKN43:99: Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine, and Syntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110.

WOI: ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

Ubiquitous chemicals not included in analysis
ppm = parts per million
tr = trace

Phytochemical Database, USDA - ARS - NGRL, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland

Thu May 16 16:17:27 EDT 2002

Please send questions and comments to:

James A. Duke (E-Mail: JimDuke@cpcug.org)

Stephen M. Beckstrom-Sternberg (E-Mail: SteveBS@nhgri.nih.gov)

Please send technical questions and comments to:

WebMaster (E-Mail: WebMaster@ars-grin.gov)

The USDA does not recommend self diagnosis or self medication. Please see the disclaimer for more information.

Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Chemicals and their Biological Activities in: Vinca minor L. (Apocynaceae) -- Periwinkle, Running-Myrtle

Chemicals

References

Dr. Duke's
Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases