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Picăo preto, one of South America's well-known medicinal plants, is widely used for numerous conditions.* Many of its indigenous uses for inflammation, hypertension, cancer, ulcers, diabetes and infections of all kinds are being validated and verified by modern research.* For more information about picão preto (Bidens pilosa), please refer to the Database File for Picão Preto in the Tropical Plant Database. To see pictures of picão preto, click here.

Traditional Uses:* as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial for various internal and external infections (caused by virus, bacteria, yeast, fungi); to tone, balance, strengthen, protect, and detoxify the liver; for arthritis, rheumatism, and other inflammatory conditions; for diabetes; for stomach ulcers and digestive disorders

Suggested Use: This plant is best prepared as a decoction. Use one teaspoon of powder for each cup of water. Bring to a boil and gently boil in a covered pot for 20 minutes. Allow to cool and settle for 10 minutes and strain warm liquid into a cup (leaving the settled powder in the bottom of the pan). It is traditionally taken in 1 cup dosages, 2-3 twice daily. For more complete instructions on preparing herbal decoctions, see the Methods for Preparing Herbal Remedies Page.

Contraindications:

• 1. Not to be used during pregnancy or while breast-feeding.
• 2. This plant contains several coumarin derivatives.Those on coumadin blood thinning medications should use with caution and monitor these possible effects.
• 3. Picăo preto contains a small amount of naturally-occurring caffeine; it should not be used by those who are allergic or sensitive to caffeine.
• 4. This plant has been documented to lower blood sugar levels in several animal studies. It is probably contraindicated in persons with hypoglycemia and people with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar levels accordingly.
• 5. Picăo preto has been documented with hypotensive activity in several animal studies. It is probably contraindicated for persons with low blood pressure.

Drug Interactions: None reported, however, this plant might increase or enhance the effect of high blood pressure, blood thinning and antidiabetic drugs.

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Third-Party Research on Picão Preto

All available third-party research on picão preto can be found at PubMed. A partial listing of published research on picão preto updated through Jan 2019 is shown below:

Anticancerous & Antileukemic Actions:
Shen, Y., et al. "Anticancer effect of petroleum ether extract from Bidens pilosa L and its constituent's analysis by GC-MS." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2018 May 10; 217: 126-133.
Singh, G., et al. "Pharmacological potential of Bidens pilosa L. and determination of bioactive compounds using UHPLC-QqQ(LIT)-MS/MS and GC/MS."BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2017 Nov 16; 17(1): 492.
Wei, W., et al. "Inhibiting MDSC differentiation from bone marrow with phytochemical polyacetylenes drastically impairs tumor metastasis." Sci. Rep. 2016 Nov 18; 6: 36663.
Chen, F., et al. "Isoquercitrin inhibits bladder cancer progression in vivo and in vitro by regulating the PI3K/Akt and PKC signaling pathways."Oncol. Rep. 2016 Jul; 36(1): 165-72.
Shiau, J., et al. "Mechanistic study of the phytocompound, 2- β -D-Glucopyranosyloxy- 1-hydroxytrideca-5,7,9,11-tetrayne in human T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia cells by using combined differential proteomics and Bioinformatics approaches."Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2015; 2015: 475610.
Chen, Q., et al. "Isoquercitrin inhibits the progression of pancreatic cancer in vivo and in vitro by regulating opioid receptors and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway." Oncol. Rep. 2015 Feb; 33(2): 840-8.
Zhang, L., et al. "N-butanol fraction of Entada phaseoloides ethanol extract inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis." J. BUON. 2014 Apr-Jun; 19(2): 406-11.
Wu, J., et al. "Investigation of the extracts from Bidens pilosa Linn. var. radiata Sch. Bip. for antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity against human tumor cells." J. Nat. Med. 2013 Jan; 67(1): 17-26.
Nakama, S., et al. "Anti-adult T-cell leukemia effects of Bidens pilosa." Int. J. Oncol. 2011 Apr; 38(4): 1163-73.
Kumari, P., et al. "A promising anticancer and antimalarial component from the leaves of Bidens pilosa." Planta Med. 2009 Jan; 75(1): 59-61.
Kviencinskin, M., et al. "Study of the antitumor potential of Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) used in Brazilian folk medicine." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Apr 17; 117(1): 69-75.
Wu, L., et al. "A novel polyacetylene significantly inhibits angiogenesis and promotes apoptosis in human endothelial cells through activation of the CDK inhibitors and caspase-7." Planta Med. 2007 Jun; 73(7): 655-61.
Sundararajan, P., et al. "Studies of anticancer and antipyretic activity of Bidens pilosa whole plant." Afr. Health Sci. 2006 Mar; 6(1): 27-30.
Wu, L. W., et al. "Polyacetylenes function as anti-angiogenic agents." Pharm. Res. 2004; 21(11): 2112-9.
Chang, J., et al. "Antileukemic activity of Bidens pilosa L. var. minor (Blume) Sherff and Houttuynia cordata Thunb." Am. J. Chin. Med. 2001; 29(2): 303-12.
Wang, J., et al. "Inhibition of 5 compounds from Bidens bipinnata on leukemia cells in vitro." Zhong Yao Cai. 1997; 20(5): 247-9.
Gupta, M., et al. "Screening of Panamanian medicinal plants for brine shrimp toxicity, crown gall tumor inhibition, cytotoxicity and DNA intercalation." Int. J. Pharmacog. 1996; 34(1): 19-27.
Alvarez, L., et al. "Bioactive polyacetylenes from Bidens pilosa." Planta Med. 1996; 62(4): 355-57.
Wat, C., et al. "Ultraviolet-mediated cytotoxic activity of phenylheptatriyne from Bidens pilosa L." J. Nat. Prod. 1979; 42(1): 103-11.

Immunomodulator, Antioxidant & Cellular Protective Actions:
Pegoraro, C., et al. "Protective effects of Bidens pilosa on hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats."Drug. Chem. Toxicol. 2018 Nov 5: 1-11.
Dos Santos Filho, E., et al. "Chemopreventive effects of FITOPROT against 5-fluorouracil- induced toxicity in HaCaT cells."Life Sci. 2018 Jan; 193: 300-308.
Singh, G., et al. "Pharmacological potential of Bidens pilosa L. and determination of bioactive compounds using UHPLC-QqQ(LIT)-MS/MS and GC/MS."BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2017 Nov 16; 17(1): 492.
Bilanda, D., et al. "Bidens pilosa ethylene acetate extract can protect against L-NAME-induced hypertension on rats." BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2017 Oct; 17(1): 479.
Goudoum, A., et al. "Antioxidant activities of essential oil of Bidens pilosa (Linn. Var. Radita) used for the preservation of food qualities in North Cameroon."Food Sci. Nutr. 2016 Jan; 4(5): 671-8.
Ocheng, F., et al. "In vitro cytotoxicity and effects on IL-1β-Induced proinflammatory mediators by human gingival fibroblasts."Evid. Based Complement. Alternat.Med. 2016; 2016: 5357689.
Zhang, C., et al. "The effect of the aqueous extract of Bidens pilosa L. on androgen deficiency dry eye in rats."Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016; 39(1): 266-77.
Fei, W., "[Protective effect of total flavones of Bidens pilosa L. on IgA1 induced injury of HUVECs in Henoch-Schönlein Purpura children patients]." Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2016 Feb; 36(2): 183-7. Chinese.
Chung, C., et al. "Cytopiloyne, a polyacetylenic glucoside from Bidens pilosa, acts as a novel anticandidal agent via regulation of macrophages. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2016 May; 184:72-80.
Bastos, C., et al. "Use of Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) and Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) to treat intestinal mucositis in mice: Toxico-pharmacological evaluations."Toxicol. Rep. 2015 Oct; 3: 279-287.
de Ávila, P., et al. "Mucoadhesive formulation of Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) reduces intestinal injury from 5-fluorouracil-induced mucositis in mice."Toxicol. Rep. 2015 Mar; 2: 563-573.
Wu, J., et al. "Investigation of the extracts from Bidens pilosa Linn. var. radiata Sch. Bip. for antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity against human tumor cells." J. Nat. Med. 2013 Jan; 67(1): 17-26.
Liu, J., et al. "Effect of floral sources on the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities of honeys in Taiwan."Food Chem. 2013 Aug; 139(1-4): 938-43.
Chipurura, B., et al. "Wild leafy vegetables consumed in Buhera District of Zimbabwe and their phenolic compounds content."Ecol. Food Nutr. 2013; 52(2): 178-89.
Lee, W., et al. "Extraction of antioxidant components from Bidens pilosa flowers and their uptake by human intestinal Caco-2 cells."Molecules. 2013 Jan; 18(2): 1582-601.
Kviecinski, M., et al. "Brazilian Bidens pilosa Linné yields fraction containing quercetin-derived flavonoid with free radical scavenger activity and hepatoprotective effects." Libyan J. Med. 2011 Jan 18; 6.
Adedapo, A., et al. "Comparison of the nutritive value and biological activities of the acetone, methanol and water extracts of the leaves of Bidens pilosa and Chenopodium album." Acta Pol. Pharm. 2011 Jan-Feb; 68(1): 83-92.
Kviecinski, M., et al. "Brazilian Bidens pilosa Linné yields fraction containing quercetin-derived flavonoid with free radical scavenger activity and hepatoprotective effects." Libyan J. Med. 2011 Jan 18; 6.
Horiuchi, M., et al. "Effects of Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Scherff on experimental gastric lesion." J. Nat. Med. 2010 Oct;64(4):430-5.
Suzigan, M., et al. "An acqueous extract of Bidens pilosa L. protects liver from cholestatic disease: experimental study in young rats." Acta Cir. Bras. 2009 Sep-Oct; 24(5): 347-52.
Yuan, L., et al. "Protective effects of total flavonoids of Bidens pilosa L. (TFB) on animal liver injury and liver fibrosis." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Mar 28; 116(3): 539-46.
Chang, C., et al. "Cytopiloyne, a polyacetylenic glucoside, prevents type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice." J. Immunol. 2007 Jun 1; 178(11): 6984-93.
Chang, S., et al. "Flavonoids, centaurein and centaureidin, from Bidens pilosa, stimulate IFN-gamma expression." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Jun 13; 112(2): 232-6.
Chiang, Y., et al. "Cytopiloyne, a novel polyacetylenic glucoside from Bidens pilosa, functions as a T helper cell modulator." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Apr 4; 110(3): 532-8.
Chiang, Y., et al. "Cytopiloyne, a novel polyacetylenic glucoside from Bidens pilosa, functions as a T helper cell modulator." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Oct 19;
Yang, H., et al. "Protection from oxidative damage using Bidens pilosa extracts in normal human erythrocytes." Food Chem. Toxicol. 2006 Sep; 44(9): 1513-21.
Abajo, C., et al. "In vitro study of the antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity of aqueous infusion of Bidens pilosa." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Aug; 93(2-3): 319-23.
Chang, S., et al. "Polyacetylenic compounds and butanol fraction from Bidens pilosa can modulate the differentiation of helper T cells and prevent autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice." Planta Med. 2004; 70(11):1045-51.
Chiang, Y., et al. "Metabolite profiling and chemopreventive bioactivity of plant extracts from Bidens pilosa." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Dec; 95(2-3): 409-19.
Usami, E., et al. "Assessment of antioxidant activity of natural compound by water- and lipid-soluble antioxidant factor" Yakugaku Zasshi. 2004; 124(11): 847-50.
Chin, H., et al. "The hepatoprotective effects of Taiwan folk medicine ‘ham-hong-chho’ in rats." Am. J. Chin. Med. 1996; 24(3-4): 231-40.

Anti-inflammatory, Muscle Relaxant, & Pain-Relieving Actions:
Ocheng, F., et al. "In vitro cytotoxicity and effects on IL-1β-Induced proinflammatory mediators by human gingival fibroblasts."Evid. Based Complement. Alternat.Med. 2016; 2016: 5357689.
Shen, A., et al. "Total flavonoids of Bidens bipinnata L. ameliorate experimental adjuvant- induced arthritis through induction of synovial apoptosis."BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2015 Dec; 15(1): 437.
Bastos, C., et al. "Use of Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) and Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) to treat intestinal mucositis in mice: Toxico-pharmacological evaluations."Toxicol. Rep. 2015 Oct; 3: 279-287.
Fotso, A., et al. "Analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of the ethyl acetate fraction of Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae)."Inflammopharmacology. 2014 Apr; 22(2): 105-14.
Liu, J., et al. "Effect of floral sources on the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities of honeys in Taiwan."Food Chem. 2013 Aug; 139(1-4): 938-43.
Yoshida, N., et al. "Bidens pilosa suppresses interleukin-1beta-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression through the inhibition of mitogen activated protein kinases phosphorylation in normal human dermal fibroblasts." J. Dermatol. 2006; 33(10): 676-83.
Chiang, Y., et al. "Ethyl caffeate suppresses NF-kappaB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, iNOS, COX-2, and PGE2 in vitro or in mouse skin." Br. J. Pharmacol. 2005 Oct; 146(3): 352-63.
Nguelefack, T., et al. "Relaxant effects of the neutral extract of the leaves of Bidens pilosa Linn on isolated rat vascular smooth muscle." Phytother. Res. 2005; 19(3): 207-10.
Chang, C., et al. "The distinct effects of a butanol fraction of Bidens pilosa plant extract on the development of Th1-mediated diabetes and Th2-mediated air way inflammation in mice." J. Biomed. Sci. 2005; 12(1): 79-89.
Pereira, R., et al. "Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of methanolic extract and the polyacetylene isolated from Bidens pilosa L." Immunopharmacology. 1999; 43(1): 31-7.
Jager, A., et al. "Screening of Zulu medicinal plants for prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitors" J. Ethnopharmacol. 1996; 52(2): 95-100.
Chih, H., et al. "Anti-inflammatory activity of Taiwan folk medicine ‘ham-hong-chho’ in rats." Am. J. Chin. Med. 1995; 23(3-4): 273-78.

Antimicrobial Actions:
Gomez, A., et al. "Antifungal and antimycotoxigenic metabolites from native plants of northwest Argentina: isolation, identification and potential for control of Aspergillus species." Nat. Prod. Res. 2019 Jan 19: 1-4.
Nobela, O., et al. "Efficient discrimination of natural stereoisomers of chicoric acid, an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor."J. Photochem. Photobiol B. 2018 Dec; 189: 258-266.
Santos Filho, E., et al. "Randomized clinical trial of a mucoadhesive formulation containing curcuminoids (Zingiberaceae) and Bidens pilosa Linn (Asteraceae) extract (FITOPROT) for prevention and treatment of oral mucositis - phase I study."Chem. Biol. Interact. 2018 Aug 1; 291: 228-236.
Shandukani, P., et al. "Antibacterial activity and in situ efficacy of Bidens pilosa Linn and Dichrostachys cinerea Wight et Arn extracts against common diarrhoea-causing waterborne bacteria." BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2018 Jun; 18(1):171.
Singh, G., et al. "Pharmacological potential of Bidens pilosa L. and determination of bioactive compounds using UHPLC-QqQ(LIT)-MS/MS and GC/MS."BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2017 Nov 16; 17(1): 492.
Chung, C., et al. "Data on the effect of Cytopiloyne against Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice."Data Brief. 2016 Mar 17; 7: 995-998.
Kouitcheu Mabeku, L., et al. "In vitro and in vivo anti-Helicobacter activities of Eryngium foetidum (Apiaceae), Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae), and Galinsoga ciliata (Asteraceae) against Helicobacter pylori."Biomed. Res. Int. 2016; 2016: 2171032.
Gbashi, S., et al. "The effect of temperature and methanol-water mixture on pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) of anti-HIV analogoues from Bidens pilosa." Chem. Cent. J. 2016 Jun; 10(1): 37.
Njume, C., et al. "Studies on bioactivity and secondary metabolites of crude extracts of Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae): A medicinal plant used in the Transkei region of South Africa." Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 2016 May; 29(3): 877-85.
Chung, C., et al. "Cytopiloyne, a polyacetylenic glucoside from Bidens pilosa, acts as a novel anticandidal agent via regulation of macrophages. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2016 May; 184:72-80.
Chang, C., et al. "Beneficial effect of Bidens pilosa on body weight gain, food conversion ratio, gut bacteria and coccidiosis in chickens."PLoS One. 2016 Jan; 11(1): e0146141.
Nguta, J., et al. "Medicinal plants used to treat TB in Ghana."Int. J. Mycobacteriol. 2015 Jun; 4(2): 116-23.
Brandelli, C., et al. "Medicinal plants used by a Mbyá-Guarani tribe against infections: activity on KPC-Producing isolates and biofilm-forming bacteria."Nat. Prod. Commun. 2015 Nov; 10(11): 1847-52.
Ocheng, F., et al. "Essential oils from Ugandan aromatic medicinal plants: chemical composition and growth inhibitory effects on oral pathogens. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2015; 2015:230832. 
Silva, J., et al. "In vitro screening antibacterial activity of Bidens pilosa Linné and Annona crassiflora Mart. against oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA) from the aerial environment at the dental clinic."Rev. Inst. Med. Trop.. 2014 Jul-Aug; 56(4): 333-40.
Chavasco, J., et al. "Evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of plant extracts from southern Minas Gerais cerrado."Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. 2014 Jan-Feb; 56(1): 13-20.
Liu, J., et al. "Effect of floral sources on the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities of honeys in Taiwan."Food Chem. 2013 Aug; 139(1-4): 938-43.
Nakama, S., et al. "Efficacy of Bidens pilosa extract against Herpes simplex virus infection in vitro and in vivo." Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2012; 2012: 413453.
Adedapo, A., et al. "Comparison of the nutritive value and biological activities of the acetone, methanol and water extracts of the leaves of Bidens pilosa and Chenopodium album." Acta Pol Pharm. 2011 Jan-Feb; 68(1): 83-92.
Tobinaga, S., et al. "Isolation and identification of a potent antimalarial and antibacterial polyacetylene from Bidens pilosa." Planta Med. 2009 May; 75(6): 624-8.
Rojas, J., et al. "Screening for antimicrobial activity of ten medicinal plants used in Colombian folkloric medicine: A possible alternative in the treatment of non-nosocomial infections." BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2006 Feb; 6(1): 2.
Khan, M., et al. "Anti-microbial activity of Bidens pilosa, Bischofia javanica, Elmerillia papuana and Sigesbekia orientalis." Fitoterapia. 2001; 72(6): 662-65.
Chariandy, C., et al. "Screening of medicinal plants from Trinidad and Tobago for antimicrobial and insecticidal properties." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 64(3): 265-70.
Rabe, T. "Antibacterial activity of South African plants used for medicinal purposes." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1997; 56(1): 81-7.
van Puyvelde, L., et al. "In vitro inhibition of mycobacteria by Rwandese medicinal plants." Phytother. Res. 1994; 8(2): 65-9.
Desta, B. "Ethiopian traditional herbal drugs. Part II: Antimicrobial activity of 63 medicinal plants." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1993; 39(2): 129-39.
Sarg, T., et al. "Constituents and biological activity of Bidens pilosa l grown in Egypt." Acta. Pharm. Hung. 1991; 61(6): 317-23.
Geissberger, P., et al. "Constituents of Bidens pilosa L.: do the components found so far explain the use of this plant in traditional medicine?" Acta Trop. 1991; 48(4): 251-61.
Hudson, J., et al. "Investigation of the antiviral action of the photoactive compound phenylheptatriyne." Photochem. Photobiol. 1986; 43(1): 27-33.
Boily, Y., et al. "Screening of medicinal plants of Rwanda (central Africa) for antimicrobial activity." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1986; 16(1): 1-13.
Bondarenko, A., et al. "The antimicrobial properties of the polyacetylene antibiotic phenylheptatriyne." Mikrobiol. Zh. 1985; 47(2): 81-3.
Hudson, J., et al. "Nature of the interaction between the photoactive compound phenylheptatriyne and animal viruses." Photochem. Photobiol. 1982; 36(2): 181-85.
Arnason, T., et al. "Photosensitization of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by phenylheptatriyne from Bidens pilosa." Can. J. Microbiol. 1980; 26(6): 698-705.

Antidiabetic & Antiobesity Actions:
Alam, F., et al. "Enzymes inhibitors from natural sources with antidiabetic activity: A review." Phytother Res. 2019 Jan; 33(1): 41-54.
Liang, Y., et al. "Bidens pilosa and its active compound inhibit adipogenesis and lipid accumulation via down-modulation of the C/EBP and PPARγ pathways". Sci Rep. 2016 Apr; 6: 24285.
Lai, B., et al. "Bidens pilosa formulation improves blood homeostasis and β -cell function in men: a pilot study."Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2015; 2015: 832314.
Yang, W. "Botanical, pharmacological, phytochemical, and toxicological aspects of the antidiabetic plant Bidens pilosa L." Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2014; 2014: 698617.
Trojan-Rodrigues, M., et al. "Plants used as antidiabetics in popular medicine in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil."J. Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Jan; 139(1): 155-63.
Kumar, C., et al. "The first total synthesis of cytopiloyne, an anti-diabetic, polyacetylenic glucoside." Chemistry. 2011 Jul; 17(31): 8696-703.
Chien, S., et al. "Anti-diabetic properties of three common Bidens pilosa variants in Taiwan." Phytochemistry. 2009 Jul; 70(10): 1246-54.
Hsu, Y., et al. "Anti-hyperglycemic effects and mechanism of Bidens pilosa water extract." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Mar; 122(2): 379-83.
Muchuweti, M., et al "Screening of antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of Vigna ungiculata, Bidens pilosa and Cleome gynandra."Am. J. Food Technol. 2007; 2:161–8.
Chang, C., et al. "Cytopiloyne, a polyacetylenic glucoside, prevents type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice." J. Immunol. 2007 Jun; 178(11): 6984-93.
Lans, C. "Ethnomedicines used in Trinidad and Tobago for urinary problems and diabetes mellitus." J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomedicine. 2006 Oct; 2: 45.
Chang, C., et al. "The distinct effects of a butanol fraction of Bidens pilosa plant extract on the development of Th1-mediated diabetes and Th2-mediated air way inflammation in mice." J. Biomed. Sci. 2005; 12(1): 79-89.
Alarcon-Aguilar, F., et al. "Investigation on the hypoglycaemic effects of extracts of four Mexican medicinal plants in normal and alloxan-diabetic mice." Phytother. Res. 2002; 16(4): 383-86.
Ubillas, R. "Antihyperglycemic acetylenic glucosides from Bidens pilosa." Planta Med. 2000; 66(1): 82-3.
Alarcon-Aguilara, F., et al. "Study of the anti-hyperglycemic effect of plants used as antidiabetics." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 61(2): 101-10.
Perez, R., et al. "A study of the hypoglycemic effect of some Mexican plants." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1984; 12(3): 253-62.

Hypotensive Actions:
Bilanda, D., et al. "Bidens pilosa ethylene acetate extract can protect against L-NAME-induced hypertension on rats." BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2017 Oct; 17(1) :479.
Dimo, T., et al. "Leaf methanol extract of Bidens pilosa prevents and attenuates the hypertension induced by high-fructose diet in Wister rats." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2002; 83(3): 183-91.
Dimo, T., et al. "Effects of the aqueous and methylene chloride extracts of Bidens pilosa leaf on fructose-hypertensive rats." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2001; 76(3): 215-21.
Dimo, T., et al. "Hypotensive effects of a methanol extract from Bidens pilosa Linn. on hypertensive rats." C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 1999; 322(4): 323-29.
Dimo, T., et al. "Effects of leaf aqueous extract of Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) on KCL- and norepinephrine-induced contractions of rat aorta." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 60(2): 179-82.

Anti-ulcer & Anti-diarrhea Actions:
Bastos, C., et al. "Use of Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) and Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) to treat intestinal mucositis in mice: Toxico-pharmacological evaluations."Toxicol. Rep. 2015 Oct; 3: 279-287.
Horiuchi, M., et al. "Effects of Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Scherff on experimental gastric lesion." J. Nat. Med. 2010 Oct; 64(4): 430-5.
Lans, C. "Comparison of plants used for skin and stomach problems in Trinidad and Tobago with Asian ethnomedicine." J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomedicine. 2007 Jan; 3(1): 3.
Atta, A., et al. "Evaluation of some medicinal plant extracts for antidiarrhoeal activity." Phytother. Res. 2005 Jun; 19(6): 481-5.
Tan, P., et al. "Effects of methanol, cyclohexane and methylene chloride extracts of Bidens pilosa on various gastric ulcer models in rats." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2000; 73(3): 415-21.
Alvarez, A., et al. "Gastric antisecretory and antiulcer activities of an ethanolic extract of Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Schult. Bip." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 67(3): 333-40.
Avalos, A., et al. "Influence of extracts from leaves and stem of Bidens pilosa on experimental ulcerogenesis in rats." Rev. Cubana Farm. 1984; 18(2): 143-50.

Anti-allery & Antihistamine Actions:
Matsumoto, T., et al. "Effects of Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata SCHERFF treated with enzyme on histamine-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum and on histamine release from mast cells." J Smooth Muscle Res. 2009 Jun;45(2-3):75-86.
Wang, N., et al. "Two neolignan glucosides and antihistamine release activities from Bidens parviflora WILLD." Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2006 Aug; 54(8): 1190-2.

Fever-Reducing Actions:
Sundararajan, P., et al. "Studies of anticancer and antipyretic activity of Bidens pilosa whole plant." Afr. Health Sci. 2006 Mar; 6(1): 27-30.

Skin Anti-aging Actions:
Dieamant G, et al. "Antiageing mechanisms of a standardized supercritical CO2 preparation of black jack (Bidens pilosa L.) in human fibroblasts and skin fragments."Evid. Based. Complement. Alternat. Med. 2015; 2015: 280529.
Kohda, F., et al. "Decrease of reactive oxygen species and reciprocal increase of nitric oxide in human dermal endothelial cells by Bidens pilosa extract: a possible explanation of its beneficial effect on livedo vasculopathy."J. Dermatol Sci. 2013 Oct; 72(1): 75-7.

Heavy Metal Chelator Actions:
Imran, M., et al. "Phytoremediation through Bidens pilosa L., a nonhazardous approach for uranium remediation of contaminated water."Int. J. Phytoremediation. 2019 Jan 18: 1-8.
Wei, H., et al. "Turn bane into a boon: Application of invasive plant species to remedy soil cadmium contamination."Chemosphere. 2018 Nov; 210: 1013-1020.
Dai, H., et al., "Hyperaccumulating potential of Bidens pilosa L. for Cd and elucidation of its translocation behavior based on cell membrane permeability."Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2017 Oct; 24(29): 23161-23167.
Li, Q., et al. "Endogenous trans-zeatin content in plants with different metal-accumulating ability: a field survey."Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2016 Dec; 23(23): 23422-23435.
Salazar, M., et al. "Auxin effects on Pb phytoextraction from polluted soils by Tegetes minuta L. and Bidens pilosa L.: Extractive power of their root exudates. J. Hazard Mater. 2016 Jul; 311: 63-9.
Chen, Z., et al. "Uptake and decomposition of the herbicide propanil in the plant Bidens pilosa L. dominating in the Yangtze Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), China." Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2017 Apr; 24(12): 11141-11153.
Andreazza, R., et al. "Evaluation of two Brazilian indigenous plants for phytostabilization and phytoremediation of copper-contaminated soils."Braz. J. Biol. 2015 Nov; 75(4): 868-77.
Graziani, N., et al. "Assessment of the root system of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and Bidens pilosa L. exposed to lead polluted soils using rhizobox systems."Int. J. Phytoremediation. 2016; 18(3): 235-44.

Antimalarial, Antiprotozoal, Antileishmanial & Insecticidal Actions:
Tembo, Y., et al. "Pesticidal plant extracts improve yield and reduce insect pests on legume crops without harming beneficial arthropods."Front. Plant Sci. 2018 Sep 28; 9:1425.
Ohashi, M., et al. "In vitro antiprotozoan activity and mechanisms of action of selected Ghanaian medicinal plants against Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Plasmodium parasites."Phytother. Res. 2018 Aug; 32(8):1617-1630.
Ajitomi, A., et al. "Efficacy of a simple formulation composed of nematode-trapping fungi and Bidens pilosa var. radiata Scherff aqueous extracts (BPE) for controlling the southern Root-knot nematode."Microbes Environ. 2018 Mar; 33(1): 4-9.
Singh, G., et al. "Pharmacological potential of Bidens pilosa L. and determination of bioactive compounds using UHPLC-QqQ(LIT)-MS/MS and GC/MS."BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2017 Nov 16; 17(1): 492.
Chang, C., et al. "Field trial of medicinal plant, Bidens pilosa, against eimeriosis in broilers." Sci. Rep. 2016 Apr 21; 6: 24692.
Chang, C., et al. "Beneficial effect of Bidens pilosa on body weight gain, food conversion ratio, gut bacteria and coccidiosis in chickens."PLoS One. 2016 Jan; 11(1): e0146141. 
Yang, W., et al. "Effect of Bidens pilosa on infection and drug resistance of Eimeria in chickens."Res. Vet. Sci. 2015 Feb; 98: 74-81.
Souza, B., et al. "Preliminary phytochemical screening and molluscicidal activity of the aqueous extract of Bidens pilosa Linné (Asteraceae) in Subulina octona (Mollusca, Subulinidade)."An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 2013; 85(4): 1557-66.
Garcia, M., et al. "Screening of medicinal plants against Leishmania amazonensis." Pharm. Biol. 2010 Sep; 48(9): 1053-8.
Tobinaga, S., et al. "Isolation and identification of a potent antimalarial and antibacterial polyacetylene from Bidens pilosa." Planta Med. 2009 May; 75(6): 624-8.
Kumari, P., et al. "A promising anticancer and antimalarial component from the leaves of Bidens pilosa." Planta Med. 2009 Jan; 75(1): 59-61.
Oliveira, F.Q., et al. "New evidences of antimalarial activity of Bidens pilosa roots extract correlated with polyacetylene and flavonoids." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Jul; 93(1): 39-42.
Andrade-Neto, V. F., et al. "Antimalarial activity of Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) ethanol extracts from wild plants collected in various localities or plants cultivated in humus soil." Phytother. Res. 2004; 18(8): 634-9.
Krettli, A. U., et al. "The search for new antimalarial drugs from plants used to treat fever and malaria or plants randomly selected; a review." Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 2001; 96(8): 1033-42.
Krettli, A. U., et al. "New antimalarial drugs: A search based on plants used in popular medicine to treat fever and malaria." Folha. Med. 2001; 120(2): 119-26.
Brandao, M. G. L., et al. "Antimalarial activity of extracts and fractions from Bidens pilosa and other Bidens species (Asteraceae) correlated with the presence of acetylene and flavonoid compound." Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1997; 57(2): 131-38.

Actions on Uterine Contractions:
Nikolajsen, T., et al. "Uterine contraction induced by Tanzanian plants used to induce abortion." J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Sep; 137(1): 921-5.
Frida, L., et al. "In vivo and in vitro effects of Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) leaf aqueous and ethanol extracts on primed-oestrogenized rat uterine muscle." Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med. 2007 Oct; 5(1): 79-91.

Nutritional Value:
Mogwasi, R., et al. "Sequential extraction as novel approach to compare 12 medicinal plants from Kenya regarding their potential to release chromium, manganese, copper, and zinc. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2018 Apr; 182(2): 407-422.
Chipurura, B., et al. "Wild leafy vegetables consumed in Buhera District of Zimbabwe and their phenolic compounds content. Ecol. Food Nutr. 2013; 52(2): 178-89.

Reviews:
Bartolome, A., et al. "Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae): Botanical properties, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology."Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2013; 2013: 340215.
Silva, F., et al. "Compilation of secondary metabolites from Bidens pilosa L."Molecules. 2011 Jan; 16(2): 1070-102. Review.

Toxicity Studies:
Singh, G., et al. "Pharmacological potential of Bidens pilosa L. and determination of bioactive compounds using UHPLC-QqQ(LIT)-MS/MS and GC/MS."BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2017 Nov 16; 17(1): 492.
Costa Rde, J., et al. "In vitro study of mutagenic potential of Bidens pilosa Linné and Mikania glomerata Sprengel using the comet and micronucleus assays." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Jun 19; 118(1): 86-93.

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